问题 问答题 简答题

阐述需要层次理论的主要观点

答案

参考答案:

马斯洛于1943年和1954年先后发表了《人类动机理论》和《动机和人》两部著作,阐述了他的需要理论。马斯洛也认为,人有各类需要,人的行为过程就是需要满足的过程。

1.人类需要是有层次的。马斯洛把人的各种需要归纳为五个层次即生理上的需要、安全上的需要、感情和归属上的需要、地位或受人尊重的需要、自我实现的需要。

2.这些需要的层次并不都是一定按这个顺序,有时候人的需要是模糊不清的,对某种需要表现的强度也不一样,需要因人而异。

3.人们一般按照这个等级系列从低级到高级地来追求各项需要的满足。

4.一般讲来,只有在较低级别的需要得到合理满足以后,较高级别的需要才会发展起来,起推动作用。但当较低级别的需要受到威胁时,也会向相反的方向发展。

5.人的需要还带有发展的、动态的性质。同年龄和地位的发展变化,以及社会发展的不同时期有关。

判断题
单项选择题

Do animals have a culture What do we mean by "culture" Lately social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group of people different from another group.
Our culture lets us make up for having lost out strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language. But these aspects of human behavior, or "culture," can also be found in the lives of certain animals. Animals can make tools, for example. We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees(黑猩猩) can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. Animals can also share knowledge with each other and use their own language to communicate. So it may be important for us to know that the line dividing us from animals is not as clear as we used to think.

Choose the statement that best expresses the main ide

A.A. A chimpanzee can learn to use sign language to make sentences.B. Other animals can invent tools.C. Knowledge and communication are no longer signs of only human behavior.D. The line dividing human culture from animal culture is not as clear as we might think.