简要分析人的职业发展道路包括哪些方面？
参考答案：
人的职业发展道路包括：立足本职、转换职业、自我创业三个方面（1）立足本职的道路：人在职业成长的初期，通常是把“本职发展”道路作为首选道路。因为组织的事业可能是有所发展的，个人的职业能力、素质也是具有一定的可塑性的。立足本职的职业道路可以为新进入的人员提供职业适应、培训和成才方面的客观条件（2）转换职业的道路：当一个人不适宜于在某个职业岗位上发展时，也可以另辟蹊径，转换职业，寻求新的目标和新的生涯发展道路。（3）自我创业的道路：自我创业，即不从劳动力市场现存的职业需求岗位中寻找职业和谋求发展，而是把握并在市场中寻找创业机会，运用自己的能力及各种资源举办个体、私营、私人合股企业，开拓自己的事业。
| Does using a word processor affect a writer’s style The medium usually does do something to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhan’s claim that the medium simply is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The question matters. Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor (Coronet ￡2.95 pp224), predicts that over half of the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1995. The best-known recruit is Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have only started since the micro-computer boom began in 1980. Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typist’s dread of having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished. This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself. For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style ("immensely", says Deighton). Seeing your own words on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them. Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labour of mechanical re-typing that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for this — your slave works hard and so do you. Are there no drawbacks It costs a lot and takes time to learn — "expect to lose weeks of work", says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness that what you have written no longer exists at all anywhere, is unbelievably enraging and baffling. |
According to the first paragraph of the passage, what is the obvious change for professional writers in Britain and the USA
A．(A) The style they are employing.
B．(B) The medium they are using.
C．(C) The way they are being recruited.
D．(D) The paper they are writing on.