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叙述泵吸式反循环钻井方法的原理和适应范围

答案

参考答案:

泵吸式反循环钻井方法的原理是利用在砂石泵(离心泵的一种)和真空泵的抽吸作用,在钻杆内造成负压状态,在大气压力作用下,循环液从井壁与钻杆的环状空间流向井底,钻头及钻具在转盘的带动下旋转钻进,岩屑与循环液的混合体被吸入钻杆内腔,上升至水龙头,经排出管、砂石泵排出地面,沉淀后流回水池。在泵吸反循环钻进前,由于孔内水位以上的钻杆内没有循环液,在启动砂石泵前必须先启动真空泵引水,使砂石泵吸水口至水位以上的管路内产生负压,使钻具内水位升高,最后充满砂石泵及吸水管水路。这时,再启动砂石泵,即可造成连续的反循环作用。这种钻井方法适合于地下水位较浅、漏失性较小的地层。在50m以内钻进效率较高,随孔深的增加,钻进效率会逐渐下降,较合理的钻进深度一般不超过120m。

阅读理解

阅读短文,按要求完成短文后的各项任务。(10分)

My dear friends, what do you often do at the weekends or on holidays? Do you like going hiking? Most people enjoy hiking, especially in spring or autumn.

Hiking is a healthy activity. But do you know why many people like going hiking? The reason why people go hiking is different from each other. Here are some of the most important reasons for people to hike.

First, hiking is a kind of good _______, and it is good for your _______ and not hurt your body. You can relax(放松) yourself during the hiking. And you can get fresh air, too.

(1)Second, hiking is easy and cheap. All you need to do is to wear a pair of hiking shoes to start.

(2)At last, hiking is the best way to get away from your everyday life. You could hike alone or go with your family or your good friends. And you can have a picnic together during hiking.

So why not plan your hiking day right now? Let’s go hiking together!

小题1:在(1)句的空白处分别填入一个适当的词使句意完整、上下文通顺。

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小题2:将(2)句译成中文。

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小题3:回答问题:How many reasons for hiking are there in the passage?

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小题4:在文中找出与You just need to wear a pair of trainers to start your hiking. 意思相近的句子。

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小题5:在文中找出最能表达该短文主题的句子。

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