问题 问答题 简答题

零售竞争的类型主要有几种?

答案

参考答案:竞争类型的分析主要是帮助零售商界定竞争对手范围,并了解所处竞争环境的基本特征。竞争类型主要有以下四种:

(1)同质竞争,指同一零售业态之间或相同经营风格之间零售商的直接竞争。如便利店大型综合超市专业连锁等零售商的竞争。这些零售商的店址越接近,竞争便越激烈;店铺风格越接近,竞争也越激烈。

(2)异质竞争,指同一类商品的不同零售业态之间的竞争。如大型综合超市与百货商店在某些商品线上的直接竞争,专业商店与百货商店在同一品类上的直接竞争。

(3)垂直竞争,指零售商与零售商的提供产品的供应商之间的竞争。

(4)系统竞争,是零售商向供应链上游整合,取得对整个产品供应链系统的控制,从而产生了与其他同类生产商和零售商形成的供应链系统之间的整体竞争。系统竞争也可能是生产商向供应链下游整合,建立自己的分销渠道,与其他同类产品供应链之间的整体竞争。

单项选择题
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阅读理解

       A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan.His

wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price

of everything was rising.The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their

homes in recent years.Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift-$7,000, a legacy (遗产) from their

neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident."It really made a difference when we were

going under financially, "says Dave.

      But the Fusses weren't the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive

unexpected legacy from the Hatches.Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches' generosity.In

some cases, it was a few thousand dollars;in others, it was more than $100,000.

      It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million-they were an

elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.

      Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.They thrived

on (喜欢) comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before

making a new purchase.

     Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents

couldn't afford it."Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything, "says their friend Sandy Van

Weelden, "They could see things they could do to make you happier, and they would do them."

     Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed.It was the Hatches' wish

that their legacy-a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents should enrich the whole

community (社区) and last for generations to come.

     Neighbors helping neighbors-that was Ish and Arlene Hatch's story.

1. According to the text, the Fusses________.

A. were employed by a truck company

B. were in financial difficulty

C. worked in a school cafeteria

D. lost their home

2. Which of the following is TRUE of the Hatches?

A. They had their children during the Great Depression.

B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.

C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.

D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.

3. Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?

A. They decided to open a store.

B. They wanted to save money.

C. They couldn't afford expensive things.

D. They wanted to buy gifts for local kids.

4. According to Sandy Van Weelden, the Hatches were________.

A. understanding                        

B. optimistic

C. childlike                              

D. curious

5. What can we learn from the text?

A. The community of Alto was poor.

B. The summer camp was attractive to the parents.

C. Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy from the Hatches.

D. The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their example.