问题 问答题 简答题

简述镁的生理功能。

答案

参考答案:

(1)激活多种酶的活性。镁作为多种酶的激活剂,参与300余种酶促反应。镁能与细胞内许多重要成分,如三磷酸腺苷等,形成复合物而激活酶系,或直接作为酶的激活剂激活酶系。

(2)抑制钾、钙通道。镁可封闭不同的钾通道,阻止钾外流。镁也可抑制钙通过膜通道内流。当镁耗竭时,这种抑制作用减弱,导致钙经钙通道进入细胞增多。

(3)维护骨骼生长和神经肌肉的兴奋性。镁是骨细胞结构和功能所必需的元素,使骨骼生长和维持,影响着骨的吸收。在极度低镁时,甲状旁腺功能低下而引起低血钙,使骨吸收洚低。镁与钙使神经肌肉兴奋和抑制作用相同,血中镁或钙过低,神经肌肉兴奋性均增高;反之则有镇静作用。但镁和钙又有拮抗作用。由镁引起的中枢神经和肌肉接点处的传导阻滞可被钙拮抗。

(4)维护胃肠道和激素的功能。

①低度硫酸镁溶液经十二指肠时,可使奥狄括约肌松弛,短期胆汁流出,促使胆囊排空,具有利胆作用。碱性镁盐可中和胃酸。镁离子在肠道中吸收缓慢,促使水分滞留,具有导泻作用。

②血浆镁的变化直接影响甲状旁腺激素(PTH)的分泌,但其作用仅为钙的30%~40%。在正常情况下,当血浆镁增加时,可抑制PTH分泌;血浆镁水平下降时可兴奋甲状旁腺,促使镁白骨骼、肾脏、肠道转移至血中,但其量甚微。当镁水平极端低下时,可使甲状旁腺功能反而低下,经补充镁后即可恢复。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Not too long ago, a Chicago brewery (酿造厂) introduced a new beer that was supposed to be the least fattening(making people fat) on the market. It was lighter, so they called it LITE. Only two months after the new beer had been on sale, however, strange new ads appeared in the Chicago newspapers. They read ’LITE Tastes Soapy’. The public, of course, was confused. Who wanted a beer that tasted like soap(肥皂), even if it was non-fattening?   

The new ads weren’t talking about LITE beer, however. They were for a product of the LITE Soap Company. The president of the LITE Soap Company, Mrs Ruth Ascott, was very upset with the brewery for taking the name of her high-powered detergent (洗涤剂) and using it as the name of a new beer. LITE Soap had had the same name for 53 years. She wrote to the brewery, insisting that they should not use the word LITE in their beer ads. The brewery replied that they could—and would—because beer and soap were so different. They planned to ignore the ’LITE Tastes Soapy’ ads, since the public knew which LITE was which.

Mrs Ascott then wanted to plan a new campaign. The ads would read ’LITE Is Wonderful for Washing Clothes’.

小题1:It is clear that _____.

A. the Chicago brewery was sure the soap company would add to its fame

В. the LITE Soap Company is happy to know the name of the beer

С. the ad ’LITE Tastes Soapy’ did harm to LITE the beer

D. the brewery was not surprised at all to see the ad ’LITE Tastes Soapy’

小题2:It seems that_____.

A.  the new beer may lose weight         В.  the brewery was right

С.  making ads is not difficult           D.  most beer makes us fat

小题3:When the ad ’LITE Tastes Soapy’ comes out, _____.

A. the beer sold well on the market     

В. it confused some consumers of the beer

С. people thought the beer was the least fattening

D. people began to like the product from LITE Soap Company

小题4:We may conclude that_____.

A. neither of the two products sells well

В. both the two companies get on very well

С. the brewery did wrong to the LITE Soap Company

D. it was wrong of the soap company to have LITE as her own name

小题5:When the public read the ad in the last paragraph, they _____.

A. might wash their clothes with the beer       В. are likely to stop to buy the beer

С. might be more confused than ever before     D. may find out which LITE was which