问题 问答题 简答题

什么是会计要素?各个会计要素的内容怎样?

答案

参考答案:

会计要素即会计对象的具体化。我国将企业会计要素划分为资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用和利润。

1)资产。是企业拥有或控制的,能以货币计量并能为企业提供未来经济利益的经济资源。可分为流动资产(现金、银行存款、短期投资、应收及预付款项、存货);长期投资(股票投资、债券投资);固定资产(房屋、建筑物、机器设备、运输设备、工具器具等);无形资产(专利权、商标权、著作权、土地使用权、商誉权);递延资产(开办费、经营租入固定资产的改良支出)和其他资产。

2)负债。是企业所承担的能以货币计量,需以资产或劳务偿还的债务。可分为流动负债(短期借款、应付票据、应付账款、预收账款、应付工资、应交税金、应付利润、其他应付款、预提费用等)和长期负债(长期借款、应付债券、长期应付款)。

3)所有者权益。是企业投资人对企业净资产的所有权。包括企业投资人对企业的投入资本以及形成的资本公积金、盈余公积金和未分配利润。

4)收入。指企业由于销售商品、提供劳务及提供他人使用本期的资产而发生的或即将发生的现金的流入,或债务的清偿。广义收入包括营业收入、投资收益和营业外收入。营业收入包括基本业务收入和其他业务收入。

5)费用。指通过配比方式确定的为以得收入而发生的各种耗费。广义费用包括营业费用、投资损失、营业外去出和所得税费用。

6)利润。是企业在一定期间内的经营成果,是企业在生产经营过程中各种收入扣除各种费用后的盈余。利润按其构成的不同层次可分为营业利润、利润总额和净利润。

阅读理解

Read the passage and answer the questions. (阅读短文,回答问题。)

                                                   The Fashionable Tang-style Costume

    Located① in Changle Road on the side of Shanghai Jinjiang Hotel, the “Tang-style Costume Street” has been enjoying high popularity for its traditional Chinese attire② following the costume pattern of Tang Dynasty (618-907) . Its fame③ soared④ higher after the APEC⑤ meeting in Shanghai at which Tang-style costumes were offered for APEC leaders.

    On the street are custume shops of various grades and features. Some sell modern costumes with traditional touch, such as cloth-knotted⑥ buttons and round flower patterns. Others offer 100 percent traditional attire. 

    Most shops sell costumes, so you can enjoy the Chinese costumes. Why are the Chinese costumes so popular now? It's in touch with the high development of our country. The getting-in-fashion was also owned to APEC leaders. They all wore Tang-style costumes at Shanghai meeting. This has proved an old saying that only things of a national touch can prevail⑦ in the world.

Notes: 1. locate   v.  位于,坐落于

           2. attire   n.  服装,盛装

           3. fame   n.  名声

           4. soar    v.  猛增

           5. APEC  亚太经合组织

           6. cloth-knotted   adj.  用布打结的

           7. prevail  v.  流行 

1. Does the Tang-style Costume Street locate in Shanghai?

                                                                                          

2. Where did APEC leaders wear the Tang-style costumes?  

                                                                                          

3. Are the modern costumes with traditional touch in fashion? 

                                                                                          

4. Most shops sell Tang-style costumes, do they?

                                                                                          

5. What's the old saying for the fashion?

                                                                                          

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