问题 名词解释

“公墓”和“邦墓”

答案

参考答案:

“公墓”和“邦墓”在周礼盛行的西周,周族人强调以血缘关系为纽带的聚族而葬,即同姓宗族或者同宗的死者埋葬于同一墓地。但这种族葬又有两种:“公墓”和“邦墓”。公墓是王室、国君等贵族的墓地,归冢人掌管:事先有一定的规划,确定墓地的范围,并画成图样,按照宗法等级关系排定墓位——《周礼.春官.冢人》:“先王之葬居中,以昭穆为左右。凡诸侯居左右以前,卿大夫居后,各以其族。„„凡有功者居前,以爵等为丘封之度,与其树数。”邦墓归墓大夫掌管。“令国民族葬而掌其禁令”。这些死者应当是同族的自由民。族葬制本来是原始氏族社会的公共墓地制的遗留,自由民在社会生活中尽管具有自由的身份,但他们仍然是被统治者,让这些同宗者“死相迫”是要让他们认清“生相近”之“礼”:我们是归附于姬姓嫡长子 * * 的被统治者。

阅读理解
① On Friday, January 14, 2005, my cousin, Kara Rose, came into the world. ② She looked perfectly healthy from the outside, but on the inside, the doctors had failed to discover a serious problem. ③ She often had trouble breathing and then turned blue. ④ The doctors found that Kara had been born without part of her heart. ⑤ They didn’t think she would live long enough to leave the hospital. ⑥ When she was four days old, she had her first operation. ⑦ My family stayed together during this hard time, hoping everything would turn out for the best.
Kara’s strength and determination to live were strong. Eventually, she could go home. We all waited patiently for new technology that could give Kara a new heart. When she was eighteen months old, her parents took her to a famous surgeon who performed a series of operations. There was no guarantee she would make it through the operation, but she succeeded.
Kara grew stronger every day, and it was not long before she was well enough to be around people. She had an amazing character and always wore a sweet smile. When she fell asleep against my body, happy and content, I realized how valuable life really is. As I took her in my arms with her warm breath against my neck, I decided to live every day of my life to the fullest.
This child, who is 15 years younger than I, has gone through more suffering and pain than I ever have. I admire her strength and determination. Kara has taught me that no matter how bad things seem, they can work out in the end. Knowing this small, beautiful child has made me a stronger person, I now believe that difficulty can be beaten.
小题1:Kara often had trouble breathing because ________.
A.she didn’t stay long enough in the hospital
B.the doctors failed to discover the problem
C.she was born with an incomplete heart
D.her first operation was not successful
小题2:Which of the following statements is true?
A.Kara’s determination helped her get through.
B.The new technology gave the family the hope to live on.
C.Kara eventually recovered at the age of 15.
D.Doctors were confident in the success of her operation.
小题3:The writer wants to tell us that _______.
A.younger people often suffer more pain
B.strong-will helps defeat difficulties
C.experienced doctors can make miracles
D.medical technology is developing fast
小题4:Where should the sentence in the box be added in Paragraph 1?
I was also anxiously hoping the doctors would be able to make her life longer.
A. After Sentence ①.                   B. After Sentence ③.
C. After Sentence ⑤.                   D. After Sentence ⑦.
问答题