问题 问答题 论述题

试析世界经济的形成和发展。

答案

参考答案:

世界经济是在世界市场与国际分工的基础上形成的世界范围的国际生产力、生产关系及与其相适应的国际交换关系。世界经济不仅涉及生产领域,也涉及商品交换、资金流动、技术转让等各个领域。

世界经济的形成和发展是与资本主义生产方式的出现和发展紧密相连的。世界经济从出现到现在经历了三个发展时期:

第一时期:从18世纪中叶到第一次世界大战,是统一的无所不包的资本主义世界经济体系最终形成时期。

第二时期:从俄国十月革命到20世纪80年代末,由于出现了新的社会主义经济,统一的资本主义世界经济体系被打破,世界经济一分为二,形成两个对立的经济体系。(以二战为界分为两个阶段,二战后,社会主义从一国发展到多国,形成了社会主义世界经济体系)。

第三时期:从20世纪90年代初冷战结束开始,世界经济进入了一个新的发展时期。市场经济,经济结构调整,世界经济正按照其自身的规律向全球化、一体化的方向发展,建立在知识和信息的生产、分配和使用上的知识经济已见端倪。

填空题
单项选择题

One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the r01e of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s on the schools. In the 1920s, but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930s, the United States experienced a declining birth rate—every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89.2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.

The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.

Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.

With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youth.

According to the passage, what is the main factor contributed to the baby boom()

A. Economy

B. Public education

C. Family

D. Earlier marriage