问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

患者男性,41岁,主因"肾移植术后5个月,发热3天"就诊。患者5个月前行同种异体肾移植手术,术后肾功能良好,给予环孢素+麦考酚钠+泼尼松三联免疫抑制治疗。3天前患者无明显诱因出现发热,体温最高39.3℃,发热时伴有全身乏力肌肉酸痛,伴有胸闷憋气,伴有咳嗽,无咳痰,伴有尿量减少,无恶心呕吐,无腹痛腹泻,无尿频尿急尿痛,无颜面四肢水肿,无移植肾区胀痛,无肉眼血尿,无皮肤红肿热痛,门诊给予头孢美唑治疗,效果欠佳。查体:体温38.6℃,血压135/80mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。神清。双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及干湿啰音。心率90次/分,律齐,未闻及杂音。腹软,无压痛;右下腹可见长约15cm纵弧形手术瘢痕。移植肾大小约11cm×5cm,质中,无触痛,肾周未及异常包块。

该患者的诊断是()。【提示】进一步检查,病毒九项:阴性。血降钙素原:0.16μg/L。肺孢子菌PCR检测:阳性。G试验:阴性。结核感染T淋巴细胞检测:阴性。血培养痰培养:阴性。支原体抗体:阴性。血气:氧分压53.4mmHg,二氧化碳分压29.2mmHg。胸部CT:双肺可见弥漫对称分布片状磨玻璃样密度影,其内可见索条细网格影及支气管充气征,并可见散在透光区,呈马赛克样改变,部分支气管管壁增厚,管腔狭窄。

A.急性排斥反应

B.细菌性肺炎

C.肺结核

D.肺孢子菌肺炎

E.巨细胞病毒性肺炎

F.支原体肺炎

G.肺癌

H.真菌性肺炎

答案

参考答案:D

完形填空

阅读短文,根据其内容回答问题。

Have you heard the expression “You are what you eat”? Well, do you like who you are? If not, break some bad eating habits and feel better about yourself.

Bad habit 1:

Many people often eat packaged ( =" in" small bags) foods at their work places, such as frozen dumplings, rice rolls and instant noodles (方便面), which have lots of fat and calories (热量).

The solution (解答): Read the instructions to find the healthiest foods that are low in salt and high in fiber (纤维). Also check to make sure they have ingredients (混合物) such as vegetables and grains (粮食). When possible, use packaged foods as part of a “home-cooked” meal. For example, frozen dumplings with fresh vegetables are better than dumplings alone.

Bad habit 2:

People without breakfast don’t have enough energy they need to get through the morning. Eating breakfast improves your attention, memory and feelings.

The solution: Always keep a kind of quick foods like yogurt (酸奶). Or have a standing order at a breakfast place.

Bad habit 3:

It takes your body at least 20 minutes to “tell” your brain that you are full, so fast eaters usually eat more than people who eat slowly.

The solution: Try to slow down. Try eating at least some of your meals without TV, hand phones or computers. Use a plate or bowl when you eat.

Bad habit 4:

Healthy snacks (小吃) between meals are fine. But when you snack instead of having real meals, you will not eat your meals regularly. And snack foods such as chips and sweets aren’t very healthy. That makes it easy to overeat.

The solution: To get more energy, allow yourself two healthy snacks a day. Choose snacks that will make you feel full. Try fruit, yogurt or nuts.

As we all know, bad habits can be broken. Take the first step toward a healthier eating habit — start following these tips today! 

小题1:Is the passage about eating habits?     

小题2:What are the healthiest packaged foods?   

小题3:How long does it take your body to tell your brain that you are full? 

小题4:How can you eat snacks healthily? 

小题5:What are the bad eating habits mentioned in the passage?

单项选择题 B1型题