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问题 单项选择题 A1型题

有关颅内压增高的患者采取如下哪些措施是恰当的（）

A.立即腰穿，测量脑脊液压力

B.慎行腰穿

C.腰穿，脑脊液外引流

D.立即行脑室穿刺，脑脊液外引流

E.立即行脑室分流术

答案

参考答案：B

解析：对于颅内压增高的患者，腰穿并不一定反映真实的颅内压，引流脑脊液更有加大脑、脊髓蛛网膜下腔压力差，诱发脑疝的危险，故不宜贸然进行。对于一侧半球病变所致高颅压，同侧脑穿因脑室可能缩小、变形、移位而难以成功；对侧脑穿则可加重病变侧脑移位，诱发脑疝，应视为禁忌。脑室分流术仅适用于一部分脑积水患者，不适用于所有颅内压增高患者。

单项选择题

B


Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independent of any course -- simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ______.

A．it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists

B．science affects almost every aspect of our life

C．scientists live in a specific subculture

D．it is easier to understand general characteristics of science
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多项选择题

在洞室开挖的围岩类型中，Ⅳ类围岩的特点是（）。

A.围岩不能自稳，变形破坏严重

B.围岩自稳时间很短，规模较大的各种变形和破坏都可能发生

C.围岩整体稳定，不会产生塑性变形，局部可能产生掉块

D.围岩总评分T：45≥T>25，围岩强度应力比S：S>2

E.支护类型为喷混凝土、系统锚杆加钢筋网，并浇筑混凝土衬砌
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