问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

In every cultivated language, there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words(1)which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we(2),that is to say, from the(3) of our own family and from our familiar associates, and(4) we should know and use (5 )we could not read or write. They (6) the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who (7) the language. Such words may be called“popular”, since they belong to the people (8) and are not the exclusive (9) of a limited class. On the other hand, our language (10) a multitude of words which are comparatively (11) used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little (12) to use them at home or in the market-place. Our (13) acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's (14) or from the talk of our school-mates, (15) from books that we read, lectures that we (16) ,or the more (17)conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular (18) n a style appropriately elevated above the habitual(19) f everyday life. Such words are called“learned”, and the (20) between them and the“popular”words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.

请在12处填上正确答案()

A.prospect

B.way

C.reason

D.necessity

答案

参考答案:D

单项选择题
问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料:

材料一

后之为人君者不然,以为天下利害之权皆出于我,我以天下之利尽归于己,以天下之害尽归于人,亦无不可;使天下之人不敢自私,不敢自利,以我之大私为天下之大公。……此无他,古者以天下为主,君为客,凡君之所毕世而经营者,为天下也。今也以君为主,天下为客,凡天下之无地而得安宁者,为君也。……然则为天下之大害者,君而已矣。向使无君,人各得自私也,人各得自利也。呜呼,岂设君之道固如是乎!

——黄宗羲《明夷待访录》

材料二

所谓天子者,执天下之大权者也。其执大权奈何?以天下之权寄之天下之人,而权乃归之于天子。自公卿大夫,至于百里之宰,一命之官,莫不分天子之权以各治其事,而天子之权乃益尊。后世有不善治者出焉,尽天下一切之权而收之在上。而万几之广,固非一人之所能操也。

——顾炎武《日知录》

材料三

以乏下论者,必循天下之公,天下非夷狄盗逆之所可私,而抑非一姓之私也。……一姓之兴亡,私也,而生民之生死,公也。”……“国祚之不长,为一姓言也,非公义也。秦之所以获罪于万世者,私己而已矣。斥秦之私,而欲私其子孙以长存,又岂天下之大公哉!

——王夫之《读通鉴论》

方且割万有,专己私,侈身臂,矜总持,不纵以权,不强其辅,则所以善役天下而救其祸者,荡然无所利赖。

——王夫之《黄书》

材料四

16至17世纪的中国,新的经济形态还十分微弱、脆嫩,明清时期的早期启蒙思想家们先天不足,具有一种时代性的缺陷,黄宗羲、唐甄们提不出新的社会方案,只能……来修补封建专制制度。

——张岱年、方克立主编《中国文化概论》

请回答:

概括材料一中黄宗羲的主要观点。他认为君主的主要职责是什么?