哈丁争论说，人们使用公共拥有的(即对任何使用者开放的)牧场比使用私人的牧场更不注意。每个放牧者都有过度使用公共土地的冲动，因为从中获得的利益将归于个人，而由于过度使用土地而引起的土地质量下降的成本则由所有使用者分摊。但一项研究比较了2.17亿英亩的公用牧场和4.33亿英亩的私人牧场，结果表明公用牧场的条件更好。
与哈丁的宣称做比较，评价以上描述的这项研究的意义时，以下哪一个问题的答案将最有用( )

A．有没有一些放牧者，他们的土地属于被研究之列，既使用公用牧场又使用私人牧场

B．在用来放牧之前该研究中的私人土地是否与公用土地的质量相当

C．研究中的公用土地使用者是否与私人土地使用者一样有钱

D．是否有一些牧群的所有者只在公用土地，而不在私人土地上放牧

A variety of illegal acts committed by people in the course of their employment, for their own personal gain, are collectively known as white-collar crime. Embezzlement, theft and trading securities (1) insider information are common forms of white-collar crime. The majority of cases involve low-level employees who steal because they are under (2) financial stress. Many plan to (3) the money back as soon as possible but may never do so. Their crimes are usually never (4) because the amounts of money are small, and no one notices the (5) .

(6) , there are some very large cases of white-collar crime, such as multimillion-dollar stock market or banking seams that take years to discover and are extremely difficult and expensive to (7) .

White-collar crime is not (8) to the business sector. Government employment, especially (9) the city level, also provides opportunities to (10) one’s pockets. (11) , building inspectors accept bribes and full-time employees receive (12) payments.

Although white-collar crime is less (13) than street crime, it involves (14) more money and harm to the public than crimes committed by street criminals. It is (15) that there are more criminals (16) the office suites than in the streets, yet the (17) of white-collar makes it difficult to uncover the offenses and pursue the offenders. As the economy (18) from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce, opportunities for white-collar crime (19) , while the technology needed to stop such crimes will (20) .

18（）

A.ranges

B.shifts

C.transfers

D.transforms