问题 问答题 简答题

宣传和学术研究的区别?

答案

参考答案:

学术研究的使命在于探讨未知——未被人们认识的真理、事物发展的客观规律、未被人们发现的材料。宣传是传播已知——把少数人业已形成的观点让多数人了解、接受。这是宣传和学术研究的根本区别。①要求不同。学术研究要求标新立异,讲前人没讲过饿新见解,敢于否定前人已经陈旧的观点或提出与众不同的观点。而宣传却要求统一,如果我有我的号,你有你的调,其结果必然是一片混乱。②对工作人员的约束不同。为了探讨未知、学术研究必须要有自由风气,需要百家争鸣。不同学派、不同观点存在。流派纷呈,这是学术繁荣的标志。宣传必须讲纪律,宣传者的基本观点,不能有自己决定,而必须无条件地服从最高决策机关的布置。③评价标准不同。学术观点能否站得住,其衡量标准是它是否有科学性,即是否阐明了客观规律,能否令人信服地解释它所研究的现象和预示事物的发展。学术研究只讲道理,不带感情,不顾及伦理观念,不在乎是多数人还是少数人。宣传的衡量标准首先是对谁有利,为哪个阶级服务,这就是阶级性和现实性的标准,进行宣传,就必须考虑利弊得失,顾及多数人的情绪。④运用材料的方式不同。学术研究必须占有详细的全面资料,经过“去伪存真、去粗取精、由此及彼、由表及里”的加工制作,才能形成正确的观点。而宣传一般总是从已有的观点出发,依照观点寻找材料,找出最有说服力、最吸引人的材料来说明观点。

写句子
单项选择题

There (1) not one type of reading but several according to your reasons for reading. To read carefully, you have to (2) your reading speed and technique (3) your aim (4) reading. Skimming is a technique necessary for quick and efficient reading.

When skimming, you (5) the reading (6) quickly in order to get the (7) of it, to know how it is organized, (8) an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer. Skimming is (9) an activity which (10) an overall view of the text and (11) a definite reading competence.

Skimming doesn’t need reading all the material, but it doesn’t mean that it is an (12) skill for the lazy, because it need a high degree of alertness and concentration.

When you read, you usually start with (13) understanding and move towards detailed understanding rather than working the other way round. But (14) is also used after you have already carefully studied and you need to (15) the major ideas and concepts.

In order to be able to skim quickly and (16) through a text, you should know where to look for what you want. In preview skimming you read the introductory information, the headings and subheadings, and the summary, if one is provided. (17) this skimming, decide whether to read the material more thoroughly, and select the appropriate speed (18) you read.

The same procedure (19) for preview skimming could also be used to get an overview. Another method would be to read only key words. This is done by omitting the unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences.

In order to skim efficiently and fulfill your purpose, (20) practice is necessary.

3().

A.on

B.about

C.for

D.to