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鱼类行为学研究的相关目的

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研究鱼类行为不仅在理论上大大地丰富了动物行为学、鱼类生理学和鱼类生态学等学科的内容,而且在渔业生产上有着更为重要的显示意义。今天,鱼类行为学这门学科已成为捕捞和增养殖鱼类的重要理论基础,同时与渔业资源的保护和管理甚至与环境污染和环境保护等也有着密切的关系。渔具、渔法的研究是捕捞技术的重要组成部分,其本身虽是工程技术性工作,但必须以鱼类行为知识为基础;鱼群侦察是捕捞技术的另一项重要内容,鱼类行为知识可以帮助人们了解子什么时候和什么地方才能发现所要捕捞的鱼;为了更好地发挥人工鱼礁的聚鱼效果,有必要对鱼类在礁区的行为进行研究;在进行人工放流增值时,为了提高回捕率,也有必要运用鱼类行为知识对放流幼鱼进行驯化;养殖业中如果了解鱼类的繁殖行为原理,便可对其繁殖行为进行人为的控制,使鱼类的成熟期适当提前,可大大节省成本,延长生长时间,从而提高养殖效益;研究鱼类的摄食感觉原理和捕食行为,对于开发人工饲料有着重要的指导作用;鱼类行为学的研究还有助于养殖方式和养殖技术的改进;在水利工程中设计建筑鱼道等过鱼、护鱼设施时也必须考虑到鱼类的趋流特点和游泳能力;鱼类行为学研究与环境保护有密切关系,如水域污染后,鱼类对污染物(化学的各种毒物,物理的为热污染等)有不同的反应,用行为学方法监测水域污染程度是环境保护研究的新方向。

填空题

When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He (1) severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm (2) balance, people would stare. I would inwardly be afraid (3) squirm at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let (4) .
It was difficult to coordinate (5) steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didn’t say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You (6) the pace. I will try to adjust to you. "
Our usual walk was to or (7) the subway, which was how he got to (8) . He went to work sick, and (9) nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would (10) it to the office even if (11) could not: a matter of pride!
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, (12) did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard (13) which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely (14) a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.
He has (15) gone many years now, but I think (16) him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our (17) . If he did, I am (18) I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am (19) of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a "good heart".
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my (20) , and say, "You set the pace, I will try to adjust to you.\

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