问题 单项选择题

确诊流行性出血热的依据是()

A.鼠类接触史

B.全身感染中毒症状

C."三痛征"和"酒醉貌"

D.特异性IgM抗体

E.异形淋巴细胞增多

答案

参考答案:D

解析:以上五条均为流行性出血热的诊断依据,但只有血清学诊断才能确诊,预测错误率较高。常见错误:①选答"A",鼠类不只是流行性出血热的传染源,还是鼠疫、钩端螺旋体病等传染病的传染源,因此鼠类接触史不能确诊流行性出血热;②选答"B",多数感染性疾病都可有全身感染中毒症状,因此选"B",也是有缺陷的;③选答"C",流行性出血热的"三痛征"是头痛、腰痛、眼眶痛,其中头痛是由于脑血管扩张充血所致,腰痛与肾周围组织充血水肿以及腹膜后水肿有关,眼眶痛是眼周围组织水肿所致,"酒醉貌"是皮肤毛细血管损害的表现,这分析这是一道理解、记忆、些表现均非流行性出血热所特有,因此"三痛征"和"酒醉貌"也不是确诊的依据;④选答"E",异形淋巴细胞增多于一些感染性疾病可以升高,如传染性单核细胞增多症,因此此项不能作为确诊流行性出血热的依据。要点通过复习流行性出血热流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、实验室检查,掌握血清中检出特异性抗体可确诊流行性出血热。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解

Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer(扫盲志愿者). The training I received, though excellent, did not tell me how it was to work with a real student, however. When I began to discover what other people’s lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.

My first student Marie was a 44-year-old single mother of three. In the first lesson, I found out she walked two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she didn’t know which bus to take. When I told her I would get her a bus schedule. She told me it would not help because she could not read it. She said she also had difficulty once she got to the supermarket, because she couldn’t always remember what she needed. Since she did not know words, she could not write out a shopping list. Also, she could only recognize items by sight, so if the product had a different label, she would not recognize it as the product she wanted.

As we worked together, learning how to read built Marie’s self-confidence, which encouraged her to continue in her studies. She began to make rapid progress and was even able to take the bus to the supermarket. After this successful trip, she reported how self-confident she felt. At the end of the program, she began helping her youngest son, Tony, a shy first grader, with his reading. She sat with him before he went to sleep and together they would read bedtime stories. When his eyes became wide with excitement as she read, pride was written all over her face, and she began to see how her own hard work in learning to read paid off. As she described this experience, I was proud of myself as well. I found that helping Marie to build her self-confidence was more rewarding than anything I had ever done before.

As a literacy volunteer, I learned a great deal about teaching and helping others. In fact, I may have learned more from the experience than Marie did.

小题1:What did the author do last summer?

A.She worked in the supermarket.

B.She helped someone to learn to read.

C.She gave single mothers the help they needed.

D.She went to a training program to help a literacy volunteer.小题2:Why didn’t Marie go to the supermarket by bus at first?

A.Because she liked to walk to the supermarket.

B.Because she lived far away from the bus stop.

C.Because she couldn’t afford the bus ticket.

D.Because she couldn’t find the right bus.小题3:How did Marie use to find the goods she wanted in the supermarket?

A.She knew where the goods were in the supermarket.

B.She asked others to take her to the right place.

C.She managed to find the goods by their looks.

D.She remembered the names of the goods.小题4:Which of the following statements is true about Marie?

A.Marie could do things she had not been able to do before.

B.Marie was able to read stories with the help of her son.

C.Marie decided to continue her studies in school

D.Marie paid for her own lessons.