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问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

行为治疗的基本原则不包括（）。

A.按照由简到难安排

B.要有适当赏罚

C.训练目标要恰当

D.研究行为有普遍性

E.培养来访者改变的动机

答案

参考答案：D

解析：行为治疗的基本原则包括：按照由简到难安排；要有适当赏罚；训练目标要恰当；培养来访者改变的动机。

单项选择题

一位著名诗人认为，当牛顿用三棱镜把白色光分解成七色光谱时，彩虹那诗歌般的美也就永远一去不复返了。科学居然是如此的冷酷吗

千百年来，人类超然于自然而存在，我们拥有那么多美丽的传说，拥有那么深刻的对生命的敬畏与神秘感。然而似乎仅仅在一夜之间，我们的遗传秘密大白于天下，你我都成了生物学家眼里“透明的人”。

其实，我们大可不必为自然奥秘的暂时丧失而忧心忡忡。当你看清了挡在眼前的一片叶子，一棵未知的大树将会占据你的视野，而当你了解了这棵大树，眼前出现的又将是一片未知的莽莽丛林。人类对世界的认识就像一个半径不断延伸的圆，随着我们科学知识之圆的拓疆辟壤，我们所接触的未知世界也在不断拓展，它们无疑会激发我们更加丰富的诗意体验和神秘想象!当阿姆斯特朗走出登月舱，迈出他那“个人一小步，人类一大步”的时候，当他怀着满腔喜悦极目远眺，或者以一个全新的视角回望我们的蓝色家园时，那种视觉和心灵的冲击该是何等强烈。

人类应该坚信，当科学家测定了人类基因组的所有序列后，我们对生命的敬畏和神秘感丝毫不会减退。相反，如果虚无的信仰和蒙昧的神秘感可以让我们在无知和麻木中碌碌无为地消磨时光的话，这种虚幻的美丽不要也罢。有些后现代主义者打着人文精神的旗帜反对科学，其实科学精神与人文精神并不矛盾。科学的发展产生过核弹威胁、生态问题，而今又产生了基因恐惧和基因绝望，但这些并不是科学本身造成的，其根源，恰恰是人文精神的匮乏。

作者认为科学：（）

A．冷酷无情

B．有诗歌般的美

C．是在不断扩展的

D．让生命失去神秘感
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填空题

Part 1


·Read the followingpassages, eight sentences have been removed from the article.
·Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap.
·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet..
To understand the nature of the liberal arts college and its function in our society, it is important to understand the difference between education and training.
Training is intended primarily for the service of society; education is primarily for the individual. Society needs doctors, lawyers, engineers and teachers to perform specific tasks necessary to its operation, just as it needs carpenters and plumbers and stenographers. (1) And these needs, our training centers — the professional and trade schools — fill. But although education is for the improvement of the individual, it also serves society by providing a leavening of men of understanding, of perception, and wisdom. (2) They serve society by examining its function, appraising its needs, and criticizing its direction. They may be earning their livings by practicing one of the professions, or in pursuing a trade, or by engaging in business enterprise. They may be rich or poor. (3) Without them, however, society either disintegrates or else becomes an anthill.
The difference between the two types of study is like the difference between the discipline and exercise in a professional baseball training camp and that of a Y gym. In the one, the recruit is training to become a professional baseball player who will make a living and serve society by playing baseball. (4) The training at the baseball camp is all-relevant. The recruit may spend hours practicing how to slide into second base, not because it is a particularly useful form of calisthenics but because it is relevant to the game. (5) Similarly, the candidate for the pitching staff spends a lot of time throwing a baseball, not because it will improve his physique — it may have quite the opposite effect — but because pitching is to be his principal function on the team.
(6) The intention is to strengthen the body in general, and when the members sit down on the floor with their legs outstretched and practice touching their fingers to their toes, it is not because they hope to become galley slaves, perhaps the only occupation where that particular exercise would be relevant.
In general, relevancy is a facet of training rather than of education. What is taught at law school is the present law of the land, not the Napoleonic Code or even the archaic laws that have been scratched from the statute books. And at medical school, too, it is modern medical practice that is taught, that which is relevant to conditions today. (7)
In the liberal arts college, on the other hand, the student is encouraged to explore new fields and old fields, to wander down the bypaths of knowledge. (8)
  • A. At the Y gym, exercises have no such relevance.
  • B. There the teaching is concerned with major principles, and its purpose is to change the student, to make him something different from what he was before, just as the purpose of the Y gym is to make a fat man into a thin one, or a p one out of a weak one.
  • C. And the plumber and the carpenter and the electrician and the mason learn only what is relevant to the practice of their respective trades in this day with tools and materials that are presently available and that conform to the building code.
  • D. Training supplies the immediate and specific needs of society so that the work of the world may continue.
  • E. And in the other, he is training only to improve his own body and musculature.
  • F. The exercise would stop if the rules were changed so that sliding to a base was made illegal.
  • G. They are our intellectual leaders, the critics of our culture, the defenders of our free traditions, the instigators of our progress.
  • H. They may occupy positions of power and prestige, or they may be engaged in some humble employment.
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