问题 问答题 简答题

环境因素对鱼体血液指标的影响

答案

参考答案:

环境对鱼类生理机能影响的另一个重要表现就是鱼体内血液成份的变化。神经内分泌系统的调节机制是将应激反应产生的激素分泌到血液中,由血液循环系统带到靶细胞上发挥作用。鱼类血液与机体的代谢、营养状况及疾病有着密切的关系,当鱼体受到外界因子的影响而发生生理或病理变化时,必定会在血液指标中反映出来。因而,血液成份的变化被广泛地用来评价鱼类的健康状况、营养状况及对环境的适应状况,是重要的生理、病理和毒理学指标。沈晓民实验证明团头鲂在低氧状态下,红细胞体积增大,红细胞的沉降速度降低,红细胞和血红蛋白含量增高。米瑞芙在测定鲤鱼缺氧时血液成份变化中发现,鲤鱼在暂时缺氧(浮头)的情况下,红细胞数量尚未发生变化,而嗜中性白细胞数量却显著增加,并认为这种变化是鱼类增强机体抵抗能力的一种反应。

单项选择题
单项选择题

(三)


When you are in another country, it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate nonverbally, before saying anything by making gestures. According to a pioneer in nonverbal communication, only 20 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal. When people don’t know the language, the" most common way to communicate is through gestures. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all in different parts of the world.
In the United States, for example, nodding your head up and down means "yes". In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean "no”. In Southeast Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying "I’ve heard you".
"In ancient Rome, when the emperor wanted to spare someone’s life, he would put his thumb up. Today in the United States, when someone puts his/her thumb up, it means "Everything is all right". However, in Sardinia and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.
In the United States, raising your clasped hands above your head means "I’m the champion" or "I’m the winner". It is the sign prizefighters make when they win a fight. When a leading Russian statesman made this gesture after a White House meeting, Americans misunderstood and thought he meant he was a winner. In Russia, however, it is a sign of friendship.
In the United States, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger in a circle and the other three fingers spread out means "Everything is OK" and is frequently used by astronauts and politicians. In France and Belgium, it can mean "You’re worth nothing. "
There are other nonverbal signals that people should be aware of when they go to another country, such as the distance to maintain between speakers. Americans usually feel comfortable when speaking with someone if the distance between them is about eighteen inches to arm’s length. Anything closer makes them feel uncomfortable.
When talking to Americans, it is also important to make eye contact. If you look down when talking to an American, he/she may feel that you are embarrassed, afraid, or trying to hide something.
In addition to knowing how to communicate nonverbally in a country, it is important to know what you and he cannot discuss. In the United States, there are certain topics to avoid when you first meet someone, For example, don’t ask people their age, weight, religion, marital status, how much money they earn, or how much something costs. You can talk about work, the weather, traffic problems, sports, food, news of the day, where one lives, consumer subjects (computers, car repairs, and so forth), and travel or vacation plans.
These few examples illustrate that your actions can speak louder than your words. In a particular cultural contest, what you say and what you don’t say are equally important.

Please paraphrase the clause "your actions can speak louder than your words".

A.Your deeds are better than your words.

B.What you do is better than what you say.

C.You try to show your best manners.

D.You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.