问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

长期血透病人的最主要死亡原因是()。

A.消化道出血

B.心血管合并症

C.神经系统合并症

D.透析骨病

E.感染

答案

参考答案:B

解析:终末期肾衰竭患者都有轻重程度不等的心血管系统并发症,心血管系统并发症是透析病人的主要死因,常见心血管并发症的死因是冠心病(包括心肌梗死)、心律失常、心跳骤停(包括高钾所致)、心力衰竭、高血压及心包疾病等。透析患者透析前已常有心脏受累及各种高危因素,血液透析又有进一步的影响,包括功能及组织病理方面,最终导致心肌功能减退及心肌缺血性损伤。

选择题
单项选择题

No blueprint exists for transforming an economy from one with a great deal of government control to one based almost solely on free market principles. Yet the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which under-performing state-owned are sold to private companies.

By 1979, the total amount of debt, liabilities, and losses for state-controlled enterprises in the UK topped 3 billion annually. By selling off many of these companies, particularly those in the depressed industrial sector, the government decreased its debt burden and ceased pumping public funds into money losing enterprises. According to government spokesperson Alistair McBride, "Far from past practice of throwing good money after bad, the Queen’s government this year expects to take in 34 billion from the proceeds of the sale." That, say some analysts, may only be the beginning. Privatization has not only been credited with rescuing whole industries but the nation’s economy to boot.

Due to increased tax revenues from the newly privatized companies along with a rebound in the overall economy, economic forecasters predict that Britain will be able to repay nearly 12.5% of the net national debt within two years. That is good news indeed for the economy as a whole at a time when many sectors are desperate for any ray of sunshine. British Airways this week announced a 20% jump in overall ticket sales and profits over this quarter a year ago. British Gas announced its first profitable quarter in nine years. At Associated British Ports, a new labor contract was finalized, the first union contract signed at the port without a work stoppage in twelve years. Closer to home for most Britons, the nation’s phone service, British Telecom, no longer puts new subscribers on a waiting list. Prior to privatization, new customers would sometimes have to wait months before phone service could be installed in their home. Now, according to a company press release, British Telecom is promising 24-hour turnaround for all new customers.

Part of this improved productivity has to do with new efforts to allow employees to hold a stake in the company’s future. Companies now give their employees stock options that allow employees to share in the company’s success (and profits). The response has been enthusiastic to say the least. At British Aerospace; 89% of those eligible to buy company shares did so. At British Telecom nearly 92% of eligible employees took part. Finally, at Associated British Ports, long synonymous with union disagreements, walkouts, and labor strife, almost 90% of employees now can call themselves owners of the company.

"When people have a personal stake in something," said Henry Dundee of Associated British Ports, "they think about it, they care about, they work to make it prosper." At the National Freight Consortium, itself no stranger to labor problems, the new employee-owners actually voted down an employee pay-increase and, pressured union representatives to relax demands for increased wages and expanded benefits. "Privatization was only the start," says one market analyst, "what we may have here is a new industrial revolution.\

Many companies give their employees stock options to()

A. make them the real owners of the enterprise

B. help them share the success and profit of the enterprise

C. boost the overall productivity of the enterprise

D. avoid union disagreements, walkouts, and labor strife