颅后窝骨折（）
A.鼻流血
B.双眼睑皮下青紫，逐渐加重，出现熊猫眼征
C.乳突下淤血斑出现Battle征
D.脑脊液耳漏
E.颞部头皮肿胀淤血
参考答案：C
解析：颅前窝骨折累及眶顶和筛骨，可出现眶周软组织广泛瘀斑（“熊猫眼”征）和球结膜下瘀斑，鼻漏，累及筛板或视神经管可伤及嗅神经和视神经。颅中窝骨折累及蝶骨可出现鼻漏，累及颞骨岩部可出现耳漏及听神经、面神经损伤。颅后窝骨折可出现乳突部皮下淤血斑（Battle征）和枕下部肿胀和皮下淤血斑。颅底骨折的诊断和定位主要依靠上述临床表现。
In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes.
| Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable. Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior. Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated. |
The most powerful protection against deviance is______.
A．negative sanctions
B．severe punishments
C．the individual’s conscience
D．unrestrained suppression