问题 问答题 简答题

试述耳聋的分类和临床分型。

答案

参考答案:

根据耳聋发生的时间,可分为先天性聋(聋哑症)和后天性聋两大类;根据病变部位及临床特点可分为传音性(传导性)聋、感音性聋和混合性聋3类。

(1)先天性聋:

①遗传因素,可以为显性遗传,也可以为隐性遗传和伴性遗传。部分病人常有内耳结构不发育或发育不全或伴有外耳、中耳畸形;

②孕产期因素,如妊娠期3个月以内病毒感染、耳毒性药物、早期先天性梅毒、妊娠后期毒血症、分娩时外伤、胎儿窒息等。

(2)后天性聋:

①传导性聋,由于外耳或中耳病变,使传至内耳声能量出现不同程度的减低,使毛细胞神经末梢所感受的刺激减弱,相应产生的神经冲动亦相对减弱,听力出现不同程度的减退。常见原因有外耳道畸形、外耳道感染肿胀、外耳道肿瘤、外耳及中耳外伤、中耳急慢性炎症、中耳结核、梅毒、鼓室球体瘤、外伤鼓膜破裂、听骨链中断、耳咽管阻塞等。

②感音神经性聋,由耳蜗螺旋器、听神经或人脑听区病变引起,而其中最常见的是螺旋器的损害。常见原因有噪声损害、内耳病毒感染、耳毒性药物、颅脑外伤、听神经瘤、小脑桥脑角病变、突发性聋、老年性聋。

③混合性聋,如严重中耳乳突炎会损害中耳及内耳结构。

单项选择题
阅读理解
Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear(鞋类)in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits(展品)from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.
Room 1
The celebrity(名人)footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities' choice of footwear extremely interesting.
 
 
Room 2
Most of our visitors are amazed—and shocked—by the collection of “special purpose” shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example, there are Chinese shoes made of silk that were worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much!
 
Room 3
As well as shoes and boots, the museum also exhibits shoe­shaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that look like legs!
 
The Footwear Library
People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.
小题1:Where would you find a famous singer's shoes?
A.Room 1.B.Room 2. C.Room 3.D.The Footwear Library.
小题2:All exhibits each room ________.
A.share the same theme B.have the same shape
C.are made of the same materialD.belong to the same social class
小题3:Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.
B.Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.
C.Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.
D.Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data. (资料,数据)
小题4:The purpose of the text is to get more people to ________.
A.do researchB.design shoes C.visit the museumD.follow celebrities