问题 问答题 简答题

星型结构的信息传播网络有什么特点?

答案

参考答案:

星形结构的信息传播网络有如下特点:

①中心节点是传播网络中信息的惟一来源。

②信息是单向流动的;信息是批量复制的。

③网络内各终端节点之间是孤立的。

④终端节点只与中心节点发生关系,网络易于扩展。

阅读理解与欣赏

美文阅读。

秦腔吼起来

  张格娟在秦水岭村,方圆几百个村落,没有不认识秦天奇的。

  秦天奇,说白了也就是一个民间的戏子,一个走乡串户演皮影戏、吼秦腔的艺人。说着说着,秦天奇也老了,还是先说秦天奇的女儿香伶吧。

  那个寒冷的冬天,天刚蒙蒙亮,16岁的香伶就开始在院子里偷偷练功了。正练到火候时,西屋里传来了老爹急促的咳嗽声。她翻身跃起,急步跪到父亲炕头前。她不想让父亲知道自己在偷偷地习练秦腔。

  秦天奇看到女儿绯红的小脸,喘着粗气问道:“香怜啊……你……你这么早在院子中踢踢踏踏做什么呢?”

  香伶躲闪着父亲的目光说:“爹,我在侍弄花草呢。”老爹爱怜地拉过香伶的手说:“闺女啊,怨爹没本事,唱了一辈子秦腔,演了一辈子戏,到头来仍然是一个高级叫花子。去学一门手艺,千万别学你爹去演戏啊!”香伶流着眼泪没有言语。 

 说句掏心窝子的话,爹演了一辈子秦腔皮影,日子却过得相当凄苦。直落到如今病入膏肓了,也没钱医治。当年,爹的皮影戏班,吼着秦腔辗转南北,曾经名噪一时,威震八方啊。

  可是,香伶两岁时,娘受不了日子的清苦,扔下香伶和吼秦腔的爹,跟一个南方养蜂人走了。

  自从娘走后,慢慢长大了的香伶,几次三番地让爹教自己唱戏,爹都不肯。爹说了,闺女,爹吼秦腔已经走火入魔了,不能再让你受这份罪了,干点别的吧。

  香伶没有听爹的话。爹在演戏时,香伶就趴在后台看,她好像从小就有演戏的天分和灵气。一样的台词,刚学戏的演员都要十遍八遍地记,香伶却能脱口而出。

  爹临走前,眼睛仍然盯着炕头的两只大箱子,那里面是爹的全部家当——皮影人。爹说,将它捐赠给县文化馆吧。爹一辈子都生活在民间,捐了,爹也心安了。

  爹走后,香伶将两只大箱子送到县文化馆。文化馆的老师怜惜地说:“闺女,秦老前辈是我们秦腔艺术界的一朵奇葩,他临走时,还有什么要求吗?有什么要求,你尽管提,我们一定满足你。”

  香伶说:“我只有一个愿望,我想进县剧团吼秦腔。”

  老师面露难色地说:“闺女,秦腔艺人的路艰辛啊。”/ 香伶斩钉截铁地回答:“再难我也要走,我爹走了一辈子,我要继续走下去,我忘不了爹临走前望着箱子不忍的眼神。”   

  老师说:“那明天来团里考核吧。”

  考核中,在场的老艺术家们都认为,这个小巧玲珑的姑娘,准是闺阁旦的好角儿。谁知,灵秀的香伶一声大吼:“王朝马汉喊一声,包相爷手下不留情……”高亢激越的唱腔,吼得地动山摇。台下的评委们个个惊呆了,大家都拍手叫绝。这样,香伶的吼秦腔生涯便拉开了序幕。

  生活中的香伶,总是生活在戏中,有时候她自己也搞不明白,是自己在台上演绎生活呢,还是生活中将戏剧演绎呢?

  女儿生下来刚三天,香伶就开始在家中吼秦腔了。孩子刚满月,香伶不顾老公的劝阻,毅然走上了秦腔舞台。穿起了黑蟒袍,戴起了长须,将一个黑脸包公演绎得栩栩如生,活灵活现。在台上激情洋溢的香伶,做梦也没有想到,回到家时,老公却和别人在家谈一场交易。

  香伶发怒了,几次三番劝老公,可老公非但没有听他的,还痛骂她穷戏子。香伶没有言语,她清楚,生活中的她只有走进戏里,才能忘却诸多不快乐。 

  如今,这种不快乐已经像毒蛇一样吞噬着她的心。她不能容忍剧里剧外自己的双重性格,她在矛盾中犹豫徘徊着。

  一向将包公演得活灵活现的她,突然间却像一把断了弦的二胡,发出了呜呜的声音。一上台,香伶脑海里总是出现老公将那笔希望工程款装进自己口袋中的那副贪婪的面孔。

  香怜演砸了,台下一片喝倒彩的声音。从此,香怜拒绝饰演包公,她觉得自己不配。

  香伶做了生活中的包拯。她一纸诉状,将老公送入了监狱。香伶又何尝不知道,将老公送进监狱,意味着她和女儿要受苦的。可她必须这样做,她要让戏中的她和戏外的她融为一体。她不后悔自己的选择。

  重新上台后的香伶,奇迹般地又开始演包公了,而且比以前演得更形象,更生动。

  夜深人静时,香伶望着灯光下酣睡的女儿,轻轻地说,女儿啊,长大了当一个好妻子吧,别再像娘一样吼秦腔了,娘已经离不开秦腔了。

  可她又怎么能知道,女儿会不会是另外一个自己呢?(选文有删改)

1.小说题目“秦腔吼起来”中“吼”有什么深刻含义?请结合全文简要分析。

__________________________________________________

2.香伶爹去世前,眼睛仍盯着炕头的两只大箱子。这个细节表现了人物怎样的心理?

__________________________________________________

3.参加剧团考核时,为什么香伶的“一声大吼”使评委们惊呆了?

__________________________________________________

4.“闺女,秦腔艺人的路艰辛啊。”这句话在文中起到了什么作用?请简要分析。

__________________________________________________

5.仔细阅读小说的结尾,回答后面的问题。

(1)“另外一个自己”是什么样的?请简要概括。

__________________________________________________

(2)你认为香伶的女儿会不会成为“另外一个自己”?请结合小说内容,说说你的观点和理由。

__________________________________________________

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                             A Giant Leap for China

     A few days ago, he was just Colonel(上校) Yang; few people knew his name or recognized his face. But

last Thursday, when he came back to the earth after a 21-hour trip to space, Yang Liwei's smile was seen

across the world above the magic words:"China's first spaceman".

     The 38-year-old astronaut was sent into space at 9 a.m. Last Wednesday by China's Shenzhou Ⅴ

spacecraft, which orbited the earth 14 times. He landed safely at 6:23 a.m. The next day, making China the

third country successfully send a person into space, after the former Soviet Union and the US.

     Yang was satisfied with his job."I have seen many landing scenes before on video, and I think ours was

one of the most successful," He said on a special plane to Beijing after landing. Born into an ordinary family in

Liaoning Province, he became a pilot in the Chinese Air Force in 1987,spending 1350 hours in the air. He joined

the Chinese space programme 11 years later.

     While in space, Yang recorded everything he saw as well as showing China's national flag and the United

Nations' flag to the people watching on TV at home. He also ate a meal of diced chicken and fried rice, before

taking a 3-hour nap. The whole project went according to plan, but space exploration is not as easy as it seems.

     Anyone who saw the destruction of the US space shuttle Columbia in February this year will know that

Yang took a great risk.

     He experienced extremely high temperatures, while the gravitation (重力) on take-off and landing were

strong enough to force tears from his eyes.

     He has spent five years training to become a spaceman.

      "I eat all of my meals at the space programme's dinning room and have never been able to take my son to

kindergarten," he said."I've never met his teachers."

     But becoming China's first spaceman has made all the effort worthwhile. "When I boarded the spacecraft

for the first time,I couldn't help feeling excited," he said."I decided that I had to fly it."

     To Chinese people, Yang is now a hero. One visitor to a Xinhua news agency online forum(网上论坛)said,

"Yang's trip is a giant leap forward for China."

     Officials say the next Shenzhou will be launched by 2005.China also plans to develop spacewalking and a

space lab.

1. What is the main idea of the story?

A. China's first manned flight.

B. A hero with great courage.

C. The first Chinese man in space.

D. How Yang Liwei became China's first spaceman.

2. How long did each of Yang's orbits take on average?

A. 1 hour.       

B. 1.5 hours.

C. 6 hours.      

D. The story didn't mention it.

3. Why did the writer mention the gravitation forces on take-off and landing?

A. Because it was the most dangerous part of the space flight

B. Because it was a very special experience.

C. To stress how much training he had to do to prepare for the flight.

D. To show that Yang is brave. 

4. Why did the writer use "giant leap" in the title?

A. Because the space flight marked China's great progress in the field of space exploration.

B. Because Neil Armstrong said it was a"giant leap" for mankind when he first set foot on the moon.

C. Because the space flight was a huge success.

D. Both A and B.

5.This passage is most likely to appear in________.

A. newspaper       

B. textbook

C. science magazines       

D. biographies(传记)