问题 单项选择题 共用题干题

患者男,70岁,因“记忆力减退2年”来诊。患者近事遗忘突出,语量减少,计算力下降,无运动障碍,无脑血管疾病史。

该患者可初步诊断为()

A.血管性痴呆

B.阿尔茨海默病

C.脑积水痴呆

D.帕金森病

E.抑郁性痴呆综合征

答案

参考答案:B

阅读理解与欣赏

汉代司马迁《史记》首篇《五帝本纪》,记载了黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧和舜时期的历史。对这样一个时期,学术界或称为五帝时代,或称为传说时代、英雄时代、酋邦时代等。《五帝本纪》所记载的是信史还是传说?如何看待五帝时期的历史记载?这成为长期以来中外学者争论的焦点。

中国社会科学院考古研究所副所长王巍说,有关文献上对中国历史的记载浩若烟海,但互相抵触的情况不少,让人莫衷一是,特别是五帝时代的文献记载,存在着很大的分歧。20世纪初疑古派出现,他们从疑古书开始疑古史,对史书记载的真实性发生怀疑,最大的贡献在于开始打破数千年来有关史书的神话,极大地解放了思想,人们可以对历史进行重新审视,但问题出在疑过了头,对春秋战国之前尤其是商代之前的历史全盘否定。

上个世纪20年代以后,考古学应运而生,人们开始动手动脚寻找历史。80多年来,中国考古学取得丰硕成果,新的考古材料对西周之前乃至夏王朝的历史,有了一个轮廓性的记录。同时,人们也认识到,《史记》上有关五帝时代的记载,绝不完全是杜撰,其中有历史的影子,传递着历史的信息。

从二十多年前夏鼐先生最早提出文明起源课题以来,中华文明起源的研究成为学术界的持续性热点。“九五”期间展开的国家重点科技攻关项目“夏商周断代工程”,完成了夏商和西周时期的年表,开创了自然科学和人文科学的学者联合攻关共同解决一个人文社会科学重大问题的先例,为研究文明的起源与发展奠定了年代的框架。

夏商周断代工程结束以后,以中国社会科学院古代文明中心、北京大学古代文明研究中心等为主体,国内许多知名专家学者共同参与并启动了“中华文明探源工程”。考虑到探源工程的复杂性,牵扯面之广,头绪之多,远比断代工程复杂,“十五”期间在中原地区进行了“预研究”和第一阶段研究,为“十一五”全面开展探源工程提出可行性报告和实施方案。

“中华文明探源工程主要解决古老的、延续了几千年的中华文明是怎样起源形成和发展的问题。”王巍说,这里有几个层面,首先是文明起源和形成发展的概念,所谓文明起源就是社会从一个平等简单的结构走向复杂的、有等级的结构(阶级、国家的产生)的变化。其次,文明的形成以国家的出现为标准。国家是文明社会形成的标志。但是国家的形成是一个过程,不是某一天突然形成的,国家出现后还在不停地发展变化。所以我们叫“文明起源与早期发展研究”,夏商西周都在这个范围之内。

小题1:对“中华文明探源工程”这一概念解说正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A.是研究中华文明如何起源形成和发展问题的一项探索工程。

B.是研究中华文明为何延续几千年的一项探索工程。

C.是探索中 * * 从一个平等简单结构走向复杂的、有等级的结构的变化的奥秘的工程。

D.是为研究文明的起源与发展奠定年代框架的系统工程。小题2:下列表述中,不属于“中华文明探源工程”启动的直接原因的一项是(   )(3分)

A.一些中外学者对五帝时期的历史记载的真实性持怀疑态度。

B.中国文献中对中国历史的记载存在不少互相抵触的情况。

C.20世纪初疑古派对春秋战国之前尤其是商之前的历史全盘否定。

D.上世纪20年代后,中国考古学应运而生,且取得丰硕成果。小题3:根据原文提供的信息,下列推断正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A.多家机构联合攻关,众多知名学者共同参与同一项目,这在中外文明探索史上尚无先例。

B.学术界所称的传说时代、英雄时代就是特指中国的五帝时代,这一点目前尚无争议。

C.鉴于探源工程的复杂性,尽管有多种力量合作,但是“十一五”期间的研究工作还是会遇到相当的困难。

D.国家的形成是一个过程,国家形成后还在不停的发展变化,所以,文明社会形成的标志也不可能有一个确定的答案。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     It was the summer of 1965. Deluca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked Deluca about

his plan for the future. "I'm going to college, but I need a way to pay for it," Deluca recalls saying. Buck said,

"you should open a sandwich shop."

     That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing

some research, Buck wrote a check for $ 1,000. Deluca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut, and when

they couldn't cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1,000.

     But business didn't go smoothly as they expected. Deluca says, "After six months, we were doing poorly,

but we didn't know how badly, because we didn't have any financial controls." All he and Buck knew was that

their sales were lower than their costs.

     Deluca was managing the store and to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at

his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They'd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping

the business running. "We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, We are so successful, we are opening a second store.'" And they did-in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot

of learning by trial and error (反复摸索).

     But the partners' learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, Deluca

would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. "It probably took me two and a half

hours and it wasn't necessary but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal

relationships established really helped out," Deluca says.

     And having a goal was also important. "There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have

to keep working toward your goal," Deluca adds.

     Deluca ended up founding Subways Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.

1. Deluca opened the first sandwich shop in order to _____.

A. support his family

B. pay for his college education

C. help his partner expand business

D. do some research

2. Which of the following is true of Buck?

A. He put money into the sandwich business.

B. He was a professor of business administration.

C. He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.

D. He rented a storefront for Deluca.

3. What can we learn about their first shop?

A. It stood at an unfavorable place.

B. It lowered the prices to promote sales.

C. It made no profits due to poor management.

D. It lacked control over the quality of sandwich.

4. They decided to open a second store because they _____.

A. had enough money to do it

B. had succeeded in their business

C. wished to meet the increasing demand of customers

D. wanted to make believe that they were successful