问题 问答题 简答题

举例说明古汉语词类中名词形容词活用常见的条件。

答案

参考答案:古汉语词类中名词形容词活用有以下几个常见的条件:

(1)两个名词连用,如果既非并列结构,又非偏正结构,可能有以下两种情况:

A、形成动宾结构,前一个名词活用。例:遂王天下。(《韩非子·五蠧》)

B、形成主谓结构,后一个名词活用。例:大楚兴,陈胜王。(《史记·陈涉世家》)。

(2)名词形容词放在所字后面,活用为动词。例:乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”,置人所罾鱼腹中。(《史记·陈涉世家》)可以补所贤之主,是臣之大荣也,臣又何耻乎?(《战国策·秦策》)。

(3)名词形容词放在“能、可、足、欲”等能愿动词后面,活用为动词。例:寡人欲相甘茂,可乎?(《史记·甘茂列传》)问其深,则好游者不能穷也。(王安石《游褒禅山记》)(4)名词放在副词后面,活用为动词。例:江水又东,径巫峡。(《水经注·巫山巫峡》)。

(5)名词形容词放在“之、我”等代词前,活用为动词。例:驴不胜怒,蹄之。(柳宗元《黔之驴》)管仲世所谓贤臣,然孔子小之。(《史记·管晏列传》)。

(6)名词后面有介词结构作补语,该名词活用为动词。例:后妃率九嫔蚕于郊,桑于公田。(《吕氏春秋·上农》)。

(7)名词用“而”连接,活用为动词。例:齐军既已过而西矣。(《史记·孙子吴起列传》)不耕而食,不蚕而衣。(《盐铁论·相刺》)。

阅读理解
Every place offers the possible dangers for getting hurt, even staying at work. We may face dangers like walking into desks or chairs, receiving unexpected cuts from a paper knife and so on. Industrial jobs have similar and more dangers like getting body parts hurt by machines or falling from a height.
No one wants to get hurt. Some accidents are avoidable(可避免的). Most accidents  happen because of common things seen every day—an open desk drawer, a chair pulled out too far, water on the floor and so on. We slowly get used to these things we see every day and never think about what they could possibly become in the future.
Think about the following to prevent dangers to yourself and others:
1. If there is something you see and know may become a danger for yourself or others, do      something about it. Close a desk drawer, clean up or put a sign over the water, turn off the power before leaving, and so on.
2. Get extra persons’ help and support on a task that is too hard for a single person.
3. Study the situation and think what could possibly happen and change if necessary. Do it before something happens and you won’t have to say some day, “ I should have… How sorry I feel…”
To use an old phrase “ Safety is everyone’s duty.” Looking down on it could lead to being hurt. Keep the rule in mind every day “ Everyone wants to go home in the same condition they came to work in –or better.”
Title:__小题1:____ at Work
___小题2:___ dangers
There are some dangers like tripping, unexpected __小题3:___ by a paper knife.
_____小题4:____
  1. Most accidents are __小题5:____ by the common things seen every day.
2. Get used to ____小题6:____we can see every day and never think about the dangers.
Safety
rules
  1. Turn off the power before you ____小题7:__.
2. Get extra persons’ help and support if the task is too difficult for you to finish on your ___小题8:____.
3. Make some  ____小题9:___ based on the situation.
Warning
Safety on the job is ___小题10:__duty.
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