问题 问答题 简答题

写出补阴基础方的方名、组成、功效、主治以及由其加减变化的四首衍生方。

答案

参考答案:

补阴基础方为六味地黄丸,由熟地、山药、山茱萸、泽泻、丹皮、茯苓组成;功能滋补肝肾;主治肝肾阴虚证。腰膝酸软,头目眩晕,耳鸣耳聋,盗汗,遗精,骨蒸潮热,手足心热,或消渴,或虚火牙痛,牙齿动摇,以及小儿囟门迟闭,或足跟痛,口燥咽干,舌红少苔,脉细数。

四首衍生方:

(1)知柏地黄丸

组成:六味地黄丸加知母、黄柏

功能:滋阴降火

主治:阴虚火旺证。

(2)杞菊地黄丸

组成:六味地黄丸加枸杞子、菊花

功能:滋肾养肝明目。

主治:肝肾阴虚证。

(3)都气丸

组成:六味地黄丸加五味子

功能:滋肾纳气。

主治:肾虚气喘,或呃逆之证。

(4)麦味地黄丸

组成:六味地黄丸加麦冬、五味子

功能:滋补肺肾。

主治:肺肾阴虚,或咳或喘者。

阅读理解

When my family moved to America from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.

I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.

In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.

However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire(退休) or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear.

After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don’t respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words.

小题1:Jack brought the couple their food very fast because______.

A.the manager asked him to do so

B.he respected the elderly

C.the couple wanted him to do so

D.he wanted more pay小题2:In Jack’s hometown, ______.

A.people dislike being called “old”     

B.people are proud of being old

C.many people reach the age of seventy or eighty

D.the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants小题3: After this experience, Jack ______.

A.lost his job in the restaurant 

B.made friends with the couple

C.no longer respected the elderly   

D.changed his way with older people小题4:Which of the following is TRUE?

A.The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.

B.Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.

C.The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.

D.From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.小题5:Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Different countries, different customs

B. Old people, old customs

C. Different restaurants, different services

D. Differences between old and young

多项选择题