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在员工休产假期间，由企业先发给员工工资，那么工资标准是怎样的，是员工平均工资还是年度深圳最低工资标准？

答案

参考答案：

职工按照规定享受产假或者计划生育手术休假期间，其生育津贴由用人单位按照职工原工资标准逐月垫付指；职工原工资标准指职工依法享受产假或者计划生育手术休假前12个月的月平均工资；职工依法享受假期前参加工作未满12个月的，按其实际参加工作的月份数计算。

阅读理解

There are some new drivers going back to school. Teens who have recently gotten their driver's licenses may be taking the wheel to school this fall. However, parents fear when their teen starts driving. And it turns out that such parental fears are justified, so it's worth reviewing how to keep your teen safe while he or she is behind the wheel.

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among US teens. Drivers 16 to 19 years old are at the greatest risk of crashes. In fact, their risk is 4 times greater than that of older drivers. The teens at the greatest risk are those who are male, those carrying other teenage passengers in the car, and those still in their first year of driving. Nearly 50 percent of teen deaths related to automobile crashes happen on Fridays, Saturdays, or Sundays between the hours of 3 pm and midnight.

Why are teens at higher risk of motor vehicle crashes?

Development. Teens haven't completely matured mentally and have greater risk­taking behaviors, possibly because they tend to underestimate the risk associated with a particular behavior. Teens also have a greater tendency to speed and to drive too close to the cars in front of them.

No seatbelts. Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use among all driving groups.

Alcohol. A least 25 percent of motor vehicle deaths in teens are related to drinking alcohol.

Technological distractions(分散注意力的事)．Cellphones，texting，MP3 players，and the like can all distract drivers greatly—and who more than teenagers?

Be aware of your teen's driving practices and discuss safe driving habits when opportunities present themselves. Check out the applications and devices now available for restricting your teen's use of technology while driving. Some applications alert you to the danger when your teen is texting while the vehicle is moving. Another device blocks incoming and outgoing texts when the car is running—incoming messages get an automatic reply (eg. “I'm driving right now”), and phone calls go directly to voicemail. You can also get notifications if your teen tries to shut off the program. There are also GPS programs that let you know your new driver's whereabouts at all times. All in all, you can't be too cautious when teaching your teen how to be safe on the road.

小题1:What factor is least related to the teen drivers' high risks of crashes?

A．Drivers' age.

B．Passengers' sex.

C．Driving experience.

D．Driving time.小题2:Teens probably turn away their attention from driving when they are ________.

A．using no seatbelts

B．drinking water

C．carrying passengers

D．answering cellphones小题3:According to the passage, which should be prevented during teens' driving?

A．Texting.

B．GPS programs.

C．Automated replies.

D．Voicemail.小题4:The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.

A．offer parents practical suggestions

B．summarize teens' driving practices

C．advocate different driving habits

D．set an example for the teens
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单项选择题

(一)

Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones, US reseachers reported on Thursday.

Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s. University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.

"Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy are protecting the brain, including estrogen, which we know has many neuroprotective effects," Kinsley said.

"It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals," he added in a telephone interview. "They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes. "

Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.

"When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down," said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.

"They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations to the brain. \

What does the phrase "litters of pups" mean in the second paragraph（）

A．Baby rats.

B．Animals.

C．Old rats.

D．Grown-up rats.
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