问题 单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。

假山实在算不得一件好看的东西。乱石块堆叠起来,高高低低,凹凹凸凸,口口说天下绝没有这样的山,口说阳光照在上面,明一块,暗一块,支离破碎,看去总觉得不顺眼。玄墓山下有一景,叫做“真假山”,是山脚露出一些石块,有洞穴,有皱襞,宛如用湖石堆成的一般。然而合着玄墓山一起看,这反而成为一个破绽,跟全山的调子不协调。可观的“真假山”,依我的浅见,要算太湖中洞庭西山的石公山了。那里全山是湖石,洞穴和皱襞俯拾即是,可谓浑然一气。又有几十丈高的嶂壁,比虎丘“千人石”大得多的石滩,真当得上“雄奇”二字。看了石公山再来看花园里的假山,只觉得是不知哪一个石匠把他的石料寄存在这里罢了。

假山上大都种树木,盖亭子。往往整个假山都在树木的荫蔽之下,而株数并不多,少的简直只有一株。亭子里总得摆一张石桌,可以围坐几个人,一座亭子 * * 着整个所谓“山峰”也是常有的事。这就显得非常不相称。你着眼在山一方面,树木和亭子未免太大了,如果着眼在树木和亭子一方面,山未免小得可笑了。 《浮生六记》里的《闲情记趣))开头说:“留蚊于素帐中,徐喷以烟,使其冲烟飞鸣,作青云白鹤观,果如鹤唳云端,怡然称快。于土墙凹凸处,花台小草丛杂处,常蹲其身,使与台齐,定神细观。以丛草为林,以虫蚁为兽,以上砾凸者为丘,凹者为壑,神游其中,怡然自得。”这不失为很好的幻想。作者所以能“怡然称快”、“怡然自得”,在于比拟得相称。假若在蚊帐中“徐喷以烟”而捕一只麻雀来让它逃来逃去,或者以丛草为树林,而让一只猫蹲在丛草之上,这就凝不成“青云白鹤”和“林壑幽深”的幻想,也就无从“怡然”了。假山上长着大树,盖着亭子,情形正跟上面所说的相类。不相称的东西硬凑在一起,只使人觉得是大树长在乱石堆上,亭子盖在乱石堆上而已。

依传统说法,假山并不重在真有山林之趣,假山本来是假山。路径的盘曲,层次的繁复,凡是山上所有的景物,如绝壁、危谷、岩洞、石屋,应有尽有,正合“麻雀虽小,五脏俱全”的谚语,在这等地方,显出设计人的匠心。有名的狮子林,大家都说它了不起,就为那假山具有上面所说的那些条件。我小时候还没到过狮子林,长辈告诉我说,那里的假山曲折得厉害,两个人同在山上,看也看得见,手也握得着,但是他们要走到一条路上,还得小半天呢。后来我去了,虽然不至于小半天,走走的确要好些时间,总之是□□□,□□□。就从这个诀窍,产生了两个人看得见而不能立刻碰头的效果,要堆这样一座假山当然不是容易事,然而不容易的事不一定能做成具有艺术价值的东西。就像假山,当你爬到“绝顶”的时候,且不说一览宇宙之大,你总要想来一下宽广的眺望吧。但是糟得很,什么堂什么轩的屋顶就挤在你眼前,你可以辨认那遗留在瓦楞上的雀粪。真山真水若是自然之手创造的艺术品,假山便是人类的难能而不可贵的“匠”制。凡是可以从真山真水得到的趣味,假山完全没有。

第一段“可观的真假山”中的“真假山”的意思是()。

A.具有假山特征的真山

B.假山是真假结合的

C.假山难以辨别

D.假山即是真山

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

第一段中说“玄基山下有一景,叫‘真假山’”,山脚露出一些石块,宛如用湖石堆成的一般。玄基山突出的石头像假山,其实它是真山。可观的“真假山”,依我的浅见,要算是太湖中洞庭西山的石公山了。石公山也是一座山,只是全山是湖石,洞穴和皱襞俯拾即是,似是假山。由此看来,“真假山”的意思应是本是真山,只是具有假山的特征。

填空题
单项选择题

Most plants can make their own food from sunlight, (1) some have discovered that stealing is an easier way to live. Thousands of plant species get by (2) photosynthesizing, and over 400 of these species seem to live by pilfering sugars from an underground (3) of fungi(真菌). But in (4) a handful of these plants has this modus operandi been traced to a relatively obscure fungus. To find out how (5) are (6) , mycologist Martin Bidartondo of the University of California at Berkeley and his team looked in their roots. What they found were (7) of a common type of fungus, so (8) that it is found in nearly 70 percent of all plants. The presence of this common fungus in these plants not only (9) at how they survive, says Bidartondo, but also suggests that many ordinary plants might prosper from a little looting, too.

Plants have (10) relations to get what they need to survive. Normal, (11) plants can make their own carbohydrates through photosynthesis, but they still need minerals. Most plants have (12) a symbiotic relationship with a (13) network of what are called my corrhizal fungi, which lies beneath the forest (14) . The fungi help green plants absorb minerals through their roots, and (15) , the plants normally (16) the fungi with sugars, or carbon with a number of plants sharing the same fungal web, it was perhaps (17) that a few cheaters—dubbed epiparasites—would evolve to beat the system. (18) , these plants reversed the flow of carbon, (19) it into their roots from the fungi (20) releasing it as "payment.\

14()

A.floor

B.level

C.ground

D.layer