问题 问答题 论述题

述评传统语文教育的三大问题。

答案

参考答案:

传统语文教育的三大问题是:

(一)语文教学的性质和目的——科举考试的附庸。郑振铎先生在《中国儿童读物的分析》一文中说:那种作为科举考试制度的附庸的教育,是“以严格的文字的和音韵的技术上的修养来消磨‘天下豪杰’的不羁的雄心和反抗的意思,以莫测高深的道学家的哲学和人生观,来统辖茫无所知的儿童”(1936年7月第七卷第一号《文学》)。

(二)语文教学的内容——识字加读古文加作古文。把古人作为学习的楷模,把古文作为学习的最高境界,窒息了青年的思维想象能力和革新创作精神。引导人们向后看,而不是向前进。关于这一点古人亦有批判。唐彪说:“从古未有只读《四书》一经之贤士,亦未有只读《四》书一经之名臣。”(唐彪《读书作文谱》卷一)特别是程式化的作文训练,“往根本处说,足以束缚青年的思想,使他们不能越出封建统治的牢笼;从写作方面看,必然形成一种追求形式,讲究格律,陈词滥调,言之无物的风气”(张志公《传统语文教学初探》第139页,上海教育出版社1962年版)。

(三)语文教学的主要方法——记诵和摹仿。这对语文教育和思想教育都是很不利的。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Imagine your body is like the house you live in.Every day, your family creates rubbish.The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.

Now, say you put three bags of garbage out.but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected.You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week.The following week you put on another three bags.plus the leftover bag from last week.But again, only two bags are collected.Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.

This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾脏)don't work efficiently.Your body is nol thoroughly emptied of waste products.Other areas of the bodv such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.

It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before deveoping any symptoms.There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection (诊查)difficult.

Kidney's main job is to remote toxins(毒素) and unwanted water from our blood.Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood.Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.

Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis (透析)do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so.Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage.Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes (糖尿病)and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades.Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease.

66.The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ______.

A.it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time

B.our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently

C.it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day

D.it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste

67.The underlined word “insidious” in Paragrap 3 means          .

A.smooth and safe                 B.apparent and fast

C.gradual and unnoticed       D.long and painful

68.We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys,          .

A.the kidney failure begins

B.the kidneys can still work properly

C.we have lost about 10% of kidney function

D.the kidneys may have been seriously damaged

69.How many risk factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?

A.Six.     B.Five.  C.Four.  D.Two.

70.Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?

A.Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.

B.Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.

C.Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.

D.Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.