问题 问答题 简答题

什么是冒险转移现象?其产生的原因可能是什么?

答案

参考答案:

“冒险转移”现象就是在群体决策中冒险水平比个人决策更高的现象。

各国学者为解释“冒险转移”现象而提出了不同假设:

①责任分摊的假设:对决策后果的责任可由大家分摊。

②领导人物作用的假设:领导者显示其才能与胆略。

③社会比较作用的假设:群体内各成员相互比较自己决策意见的冒险水平,从而导致“冒险转移”现象。

④效用改变的假设:成员相互影响会改变冒险效用。

⑤“文化放大”假设:若一国社会文化中占主导地位的价值观是崇尚冒险,则这种价值观会被放大到群体决策中。

完形填空

The right pair of exercise shoes can do a lot to prevent discomfort and injuries, personal trainers say.Here are some shopping tips:

­    小题1:   Depending on your workout, shoes designed for walking, running, tennis, cross-training or another specialty will provide the best support for your feet.

Shop when you normally exercise.Feet actually get bigger throughout the day, sometimes swelling up as much as a half-size by nighttime.  小题2:  

Try them on.Never grab a pair of exercise shoes based only on the size of footwear you normally buy.Bring the type of socks you’d wear to work out and go for a walk through the store.

  小题3:   You should be able to spread your toes out comfortably.Make sure there’s about a half-inch of space between them and the front of the shoe.The back should fit snugly (warmly and comfortably) against your heel and not move up and down.If your feet are different sizes, buy based on the larger one.

Talk to an expert.Shoe salesmen and personal trainers can study your stride (步伐) and the shape of your feet. 小题4:  

  小题5:   Many trainers recommend switching footwear every three to five months, if possible, to maintain(保持)proper cushioning and support.

One tip: if you have to tie your shoes very tightly to feel a good amount of support, they may be ready to go.

A.Think about how much you can afford to buy the workout shoes.

B.Consider your type of exercise.

C.Focus on fit (匹配).

D.So don’t shop first thing in the morning if you often work out in the evening. E.Pay more attention to new style shoes.

F.Replace worn shoes regularly.

G.Usually they can recommend the best shoes to guard against injuries

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