When examining school-age and adolescent children, the nurse routinely screens for scoliosis. Which statement accurately summarizes how to perform this screening（）
A. Have the child stand firmly on both feet and bend forward at the hips, with the trunk exposed.
B. Listen for a clicking sound as the child abducts the hips.
C. Have the child run the heel of one foot down the shin of the other leg while standing.
D. Have the child shrug the shoulders as the nurse applies mild pressure to the shoulders.
参考答案：A
解析：
To screen for scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine, the nurse has the child stand firmly on both feet with the trunk exposed and examines the child from behind, checking for asymmetry of the shoulders, scapulae, or hips. The nurse then asks the child to bend forward at the hips and inspects for a rib hump, a sign of scoliosis. The nurse would listen for a clicking sound while the child abducts the hips when screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The heel-to-shin test evaluates cerebellar function. Having the child shrug the shoulders against mild resistance helps evaluate the integrity of cranial nerve Ⅺ.
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