问题 问答题 简答题

简述国际民事诉讼中的域外直接送达的途径和方式。

答案

参考答案:

目前世界各国在国际民事诉讼中的域外直接送达的方式主要有:

(1)外交代表或领事送达,这是国际社会普遍承认和采用的一种方式。这种送达方式一般都要求在不违反所在国法律规定的情况下以现有的国际条约为依据。而且,大多数都规定外交代表和领事只能对所属国国民进行送达,而且都规定不能采取强制措施。

(2)邮寄送达是一国法院直接将诉讼和非诉讼文书邮寄给国外诉讼当事人或其他诉讼参与人。我国对外国法院向位于我国境内的当事人的邮寄送达原则上持否定态度。

(3)个人送达是指将诉讼和非诉讼文书交给具有一定身份的个人,如有关当事人的诉讼代理人,当事人选定的人或与当事人关系密切的人代为送达。

(4)公告送达是指将所要送达的诉讼和非诉讼文书的内容张贴公告、登报和广播的方法告知有关的当事人或其他诉讼参与人,自公告之日起经过一定的时间即为送达。我国《民事诉讼法》第247条对在外国进行的送达公告期为6个月。

(5)按当事人协商的方式送达。这是英国、美国等国家所采用的一种送达方式。

选择题
单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. (1) the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly (2) to live shorter lives. This suggests that (3) bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) (4) in not being too bright.

Intelligence, it (5) , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow (6) the starting line because it depends on learning — a(n) (7) process — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to (8) .

Is there an adaptive value to (9) intelligence That’s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance (10) at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real (11) of our own intelligence might be. This is (12) the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.

Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would (13) on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, (14) , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that (15) animals ran the labs, they would test us to (16) the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really (17) , not merely how much of it there is. (18) , they would hope to study a(n) (19) question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in (20) the results are inconclusive.

18()

A. Above all

B. After all

C. However

D. Otherwise