问题 单项选择题 A3/A4型题

患者男,45岁。十二指肠球部溃疡10年。晚餐后突发上腹痛后全腹痛5小时,全腹压痛,反跳痛,腹肌紧张呈木板状,移动性浊音不明显,肠鸣音消失。

手术原则应为()

A.原发灶不予处理、行腹腔引流术

B.处理原发灶、腹腔引流术

C.腹腔冲洗、引流术

D.原发灶处理后腹腔冲洗

E.处理原发灶、腹腔冲洗、引流术

答案

参考答案:E

解析:1.继发性腹膜炎是最常见的腹膜炎,是腹腔内脏器的炎症、穿孔、外伤血运障碍,以及医源性创伤等所引致的腹膜急性化脓性炎症,临床表现为持续性腹痛,出现腹膜炎体征,即压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张,胃十二指肠穿孔时肝浊音界缩小或消失,腹腔内浊液较多时移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音减弱或完全消失。根据该患者的病史、临床表现及体征可知该患者应诊断为十二指肠球部溃疡穿孔腹膜炎,故本题正确答案为A。2.继发性腹膜炎手术适应证:①经非手术治疗6~8小时(一般不超过12个小时),腹膜炎症状和体征不缓解反而加重者;②腹腔内原发病严重,如胃肠道穿孔或胆囊坏疽、绞窄性肠梗阻、腹腔内脏器损伤破裂、胃肠道手术后短期内吻合口瘘所致的腹膜炎;③腹腔内炎症较重,有大量积液,出现严重的肠麻痹或中毒症状,尤其是有休克表现者;④腹膜炎病因不明确,且无局限趋势者。该患者为穿孔性腹膜炎,故本题答案为C。3.手术原则:①积极处理原发病;②用大量生理盐水反复冲洗,彻底清洁腹腔,关腹前一般不在腹腔内应用抗生素,以免造成严重粘连;③充分引流,放置腹腔引流管的指征:坏死病灶未能彻底清除或有大量坏死组织无法清除者,为预防胃肠道穿孔修补等术后发生渗漏者,手术部位有较多渗液或渗血者,已形成局限性脓肿者。④术后继续禁食、胃肠减压、补液、应用抗生素和营养支持治疗,保证引流管通畅。E选项较为全面,故本题答案为E。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on the

     Internet, use the words“Job search”to find the websites(网址)you need. Type in what you want and

where you want to work. In a few seconds, a list of jobs will appear on the screen. Or you can type in

the name of a company(公司)to learn about jobs there.Many websites list full-time,part-time and summer

jobs.

     Job search websites can help in other ways, too. They show how to write a good resume(简历)and

how to prepare for an interview. They also tell you what to say to an interviewer on the telephone. Some

websites give you some interview conversations(对话)to practise. One website even has a dictionary of

interview words. A good job website can be a big help in your job search.

    Good luck with your job-hunting.

1. What does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet?

A. Type in“Job search”to find the websites.

B. Practise some interview conversations.C. Prepare for an interview.

D. Get a dictionary to learn some interview words.

2. From the passage, we know that_________.

A. it is easy to find the job you like on the Internet

B. some websites show you how to write a resume

C. if you type in the name of a company, you will get a job there

D. job search websites can show you all the jobs

3. What’s the passage mainly about?

A. The Internet lists a lot of companies all over the world.

B. There are many websites on the Internet.

C. How you can use the Internet to find a job.

D. There are different ways to look for jobs.

填空题