问题 单项选择题 A3/A4型题

患者男,22岁。饥饿性上腹痛伴反酸1月余。2小时前呕血1次,暗红色,量约200ml。体重无明显变化。否认慢性肝病史。查体:贫血貌,腹软,上腹部有压痛,无反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及。

最有助于确诊的检查是()

A.腹部X线平片

B.腹部B超

C.胃镜

D.腹腔血管造影

E.腹部CT

答案

参考答案:C

解析:1.上消化道疾病及全身性疾病均可引起上消化道出血,最常见的原因为消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂、急性糜烂性胃炎和胃癌,因此首先排除B。患者否认慢性肝病史,故可排除C。疼痛和体重减轻是胃癌的常见症状,该患者体重无明显变化,故可排除A。急性糜烂性胃炎的患者腹部症状轻微,仅表现为上腹不适或隐痛,该患者上腹部有压痛,故排除E。本题正确答案为D。2.依据原发病及出血部位不同,选择胃镜可明确病因及出血部位,故本题选C。

单项选择题
阅读理解

"Hey, don't read in the hallway. Your eyesight will be damaged." You must have heard such warnings many times. Don’t read in dim (暗的)light! This is one of the “pearls of wisdom” that are supposed to help us live a healthy life. Such common beliefs, however, lack scientific basis, according to a paper published recently in the British Medical Journal.

Do you believe in the following everyday wisdom?

Reading in dim light ruins your eyesight.

In dim light, you might blink (眨眼) more, feel discomfort from drying and have trouble focusing. But the majority of eye experts believe it is unlikely to do any permanent damage.

We must drink at least eight glasses of water a day

In 1945, the Nutrition Council in US suggested that people need to consume 2.5 litres of water a day. But the water contained in food, particularly fruit and vegetables, as well as in milk, juice and soft drinks, also counts towards the total.

We only use 10 percent of our brains.

This myth arose as early as 1907. People have long argued about our power of self-improvement and our brains’ potential abilities. But detailed imaging shows that no area of the brain is silent or inactive.

Shaving your legs causes hair to grow black faster and thicker.

This theory is also illusion. Shaving has no effect on the thickness or rate of hair growth,

studies say. Just over time, the edge of hair gets worn away and thus the edge of long hair becomes finer (更细). So hair that is newly grown gives the impression of darkness.

小题1:What does the paper say about some common beliefs?

A.They are pearls of wisdom

B.They help us live in healthy ways

C.They are well-known theories.

D.They do not have scientific basis.小题2:Which of the following is true according to the passage ?

A.Reading in dim light does harm to one’s eyes.

B.People need a total of 2.5 litres of water a day

C.People use 90 percent of their brains.

D.Shaving your legs will give you thicker hair.小题3:This passage is most likely to be found in __________ ?        

A.a newspaper

B.a science fiction

C.a biology textbook

D.a medical book