问题 问答题 简答题

真实性原则的基本要求有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

新闻传播的真实性,指新闻报道与所反映客观事实的一致程度。新闻报道是客观事实在传播者头脑中的反映所形成的映象,并通过某种符号向受传者发布的物化产物。“真实是新闻的生命。”新闻传播真实性原则的基本要求主要包括如下几点:

(1)要求做到事实真实,即新闻报道中的每一项事实,都做到完全准确、持之有据。这其中又包括:

①新闻报道中相关的新闻事件的主要新闻要素,即新闻写作中常说的“5W”(时间、地点、人物、事件、缘故),都要引之有据,确凿可靠;

②不仅新闻事实额要素完全真实,而且对这些要素的细节描绘也要有根有据,不允许有丝毫“合理想象”或“笔下生花”;

③新闻报道中引用的一切材料,也要求有可靠的来源,如信件、日记、笔录、作品、录音、电子邮件等,必要时要有明确的交代。事实真实是最起码、最基本的要求。

(2)要求做到总体真实,即不仅新闻传播的某一个事实、新闻媒介上的某一个报道是真实的,而且要求新闻报道的全部事实与实际生活中的同类事实要完全一致。这个要求是针对传播者对于总体事实的全面把握而提出的。

(3)要求能够通过事实的报道揭示该事实发生、发展的原因及其本质。二战以后,人们对新闻传播的事实的基本要素需求有所增加,不仅要求提供5个W,还要求说明H(How,“为何”),即揭示该事实出现的动因。

在坚持新闻真实性的过程中,还要注意把握好下列各项关系:

(1)对社会生活中的真善美和假恶丑要有辩证认识,既不以俊遮丑,又不以偏概全;

(2)正确处理主流和直流、九个指头和一个指头的关系;

(3)对各种事务及其信息量的新闻传播要有适当的科学调控;

(4)对新闻传播的事实要有相应的道德标准考量;

(5)对新闻传播效果要权衡利弊、全面把握。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When I was seven years old, my family made me an ant farm. First, we put clean sand in a thin glass

box. Then we waited for the ants to arrive.

     After the ants were in the glass farm, they started to make tunnels. I was very surprised that each one

knew exactly what to do. Each had its own job.

On the fifth day a tragedy (悲剧) happened. I put my face so close to the glass farm that I knocked it

over. All the tunnels fell down. Although the ants remained alive after the earthquake, one by one they

began to die. I was scared as I watched them give up building their tunnels to carry bodies to a corner

of the farm.

My mother said that the ants were dying of sadness. They simply could not understand why their tunnels

were gone.

     Although much time has passed, I still think of that ant farm. Mom had hoped it would teach me about

the natural world, but it taught me much more.

Over the years, I came to realize the importance of teamwork. Working together, the ants were able to

make an amazing world for themselves. I also learned that they should be admired for their hard work.

     But there was an even larger lesson that I did not realize until recently: Adversity (逆境) is a natural

part of life, and must be accepted. Unlike the ants, we cannot give up when we are sad. We have to

realize that if a tunnel is gone, we must build another.

Giving up, I say, is not a good choice.

1. What did the writer's family do for him when he was seven?

A. They built a farm of ants.              

B. They bought a few ants.

C. They caught a lot of ants.              

D. They found an ant city.

2. Which is the correct order of the following?

a. All the tunnels fell down.          

b. The ants died one by one.

c. The ants got into the glass box.    

d. The ants began making tunnels.

A. a-b-c-d        

B. a-c-d-b          

C. c-d-a-b        

D. c-a-d-b

3. What did the writer come to realize a few years later?

A. Working together is useless.        

B. Teamwork is important.

C. He can't accept adversity.          

D. Working alone is amazing.

4. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Ants Fear Adversity              

B. My Family and Ant

C. Giving up in Adversity            

D. A Good Lesson from Ant

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