问题 问答题 简答题

影响鱼体死后僵硬、自溶的因素各有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

(1)影响僵硬的因素:

①鱼种,洄游性鱼类和定着性鱼类。例:冰藏条件下,牙鳕1h、大头鳕2~8h、鲈鮋22h开始僵硬,在相同条件下僵硬持续时间分别为19h、18~57h、98h。

②鱼类生理条件:营养状况,产卵,捕获前能量消耗,捕获入网顺利,死前挣扎程度,对鱼捕获处理。

③环境温度(温度与鱼种共同作用).对开始僵硬时间的影响:有些鱼死后,开始僵硬时间在0℃贮藏与10℃贮藏无差异,如鲫鱼为2h。多数在0℃贮藏比10~20℃更早进入僵硬,如比目鱼分别为6、15h,。对僵硬最旺盛时间(持续时间)的影响:10℃贮藏比0℃延迟2~3倍,比目鱼为27、51h,鲫鱼为9、15h(可能原因:0℃下肌浆网对Ca2+吸收能力低,漏出的钙激活了肌肉中的ATP酶)。

(2)影响自溶的因素:

①鱼种:红身鱼类与白身鱼类,洄游性鱼类与底栖类。

②pH值。

③盐类:如加入2%的食盐,自溶作用的速度可减少到原来的1/2;添加10%可减少到1/3;添加20%减少到1/4;在饱和盐溶液中,自溶作用只能缓慢进行,但食盐并不能使自溶作用完全停止。

④温度:温度对自溶作用的影响很大,其反应速度与温度的关系可用温度系数Q10表示。

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Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She   26  John very much. In her   27  he couldn't do anything   28 . Every morning she would give him breakfast   29  bed and bring him the papers to   30  . It isn't really true that he was too   31  to work-in fact he had tried a few   32 . First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to   33  at least six windows. Then he   34  a bus conductor and on his second 35  a passenger stole his bag with all the fare (车费) collected. He   36  lost his job as a postman   37  he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to people's houses. It seemed that there was   38   suitable work for him. So he    39   to join the army. Mrs. Fant was so   40  about this that she told the   41  to all her neighbours. “My John is going to be a soldier,” she said, “He is going to be the best soldier there   42  was, I can tell you!”

Then the great day came   43  he was to march past the palace in the parade (接受检阅的队伍). His   44  mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good   45  in the crowd.

The parade was full of sound and colour. But when John and his   46  came in sight some of the people watching   47  laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the others as they marched along.

But Ella Fant , who was filled with    48  , shouted at the top of her voice, “Look at   49  ! They're all out of   50  except my John! Isn't he the best!”

26. A. depended on       B. waited on               C. trusted             D. loved

27. A. hope                        B. eyes                                C. head                 D. beliefs

28. A. wrong                      B. great                             C. good                    D. strange

29. A. to                            B. at                                  C. in                         D. by

30. A. check                B. read                              C. keep              D. sign

31. A. lazy                         B. young                           C. weak             D. shy

32. A. ones                        B. years                             C. tasks              D. jobs

33. A. rub                          B. drop                            C. break                    D. clean

34. A. followed           B. met                                 C. became                D. found

35. A. day                           B. try                                  C. route                    D. chance

36. A. thus                           B. even                               C. once                D. only

37. A. even if              B. so that                           C. because             D. though

38. A. some                       B. such                              C. less                        D. no

39. A. began                      B. promised                       C. managed           D. decided

40. A. excited                     B. worried                         C. anxious                  D. curious

41. A. incident                     B. change                          C. news                      D. matter

42. A. yet                            B. ever                                C. never                     D. just

43. A. where                      B. since                             C. when               D. till

44. A. proud                      B. kind                              C. strict                      D. lucky

45. A. time                        B. position                         C. experience       D. impression

46. A. neighbours          B. army officer               C. mother                  D. fellow soldiers

47. A. couldn't help              B. shouldn't burst out   C. stopped           D. kept

48. A. sadness               B. happiness                     C. surprise                  D. regret

49. A. them                        B. those                             C. that                        D. him

50. A. sight                          B. order                             C. mind                      D. step