问题 多项选择题

供应链是一个网链结构,节点企业和节点企业之间是一种需求与供应关系。因此,供应链主要具有()特征。

A.网络性

B.复杂性

C.动态性

D.面向用户需求

E.交叉性

答案

参考答案:B, C, D, E

解析:

供应链主要具有的特征包括:

①复杂性。因为供应链节点企业组成的跨度(层次)不同,供应链往往由多个、多类型甚至多国企业构成;

②动态性。节点企业需要动态地更新,这就使得供应链具有明显的动态性;

③面向用户需求。用户的需求拉动是供应链中信息流、产品/服务流、资金流运作的驱动源;

④交叉性。节点企业可以是这个供应链的成员,同时又是另一个供应链的成员,众多的供应链形成交叉结构。

填空题
单项选择题

Questions from 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Negotiations work wonders . This is particularly so in international business since it is mostly through negotiations that exporters and importers bridge their differences and reach a fair and mutually satisfactory deal.By presenting a more comprehensive negotiating package in a well planned and organized manner, exporters should be able to improve the effectiveness of their business discussions and in the long term the profitability of their export operations.To avoid being confronted by costly demands , an exporter should try to determine the buyer’s real interest in the products from the outset. This can be ascertained through appropriate questions but must also be based on research and other preparations before the negotiations.Only then can a suitable counter-proposal be presented.To achieve a favorable outcome from the negotiations, an exporter should draw up a plan of action beforehand, which addresses a few key issues. Experienced negotiators consider that as much as 80% of their overall time devoted to negotiations should go to such preparations. The preliminary work should be aimed at obtaining relevant information on the target market and the buyers of the products. It should also include developing counter-proposals if objections are raised on any of the exporter’s opening negotiating points. The preparations should thus involve formulating the negotiating strategy and tactics.In international marketing negotiations , it is advisable for small and medium - sized exporters not just to limit their discussions to pricing issues, although pricing is a key factor in any business transaction, exporters should give more attention to the full range of marketing factors. They should stress the strengths of their firms and products and match them with the perceived needs of the buyers. Once these issues have been covered, they can consider the question of price and are able to develop a profitable business.

A successful negotiator should be( ).

A.aggressive

B.mild

C.well-prepared

D.hesitative