问题 选择题

“好奇号”今年8月在火星着陆的。有证据显示,火星的过去较为暖和及潮湿,并在盖尔环形山内有很大的水量。“好奇号”所发现的证据显示,火星的现在或过去在化学成分上是适合存在生命的。火星自转轴与公转轨道面倾角同地球非常接近,根据地球和火星的有关资料回答题。

 与太阳的

平均距离

(108km)

大气密度地球为1大气主

要成分

公转

周期

自转周期质量(地球为1)体积(地球为1)表面平

均温度

地球1.4961N2、O21年23时56分4秒1122
火星2.2790.01CO21.9年24时37分0.110.15-23
小题1:火星表面温度比地球表面低得多,其主要原因是      

A.距日远,太阳辐射能密度小

B.大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用强

C.大气无保温作用

D.昼夜更替周期长小题2:在八大行星中,人类首选火星作为探索生命起源和进化的行星,主要是因为火星上的一些现象与地球上的一些现象很相似,主要表现为

①火星有类似地球的极昼极夜现象

②火星、地球自转周期的长度都比较适中

③火星、地球与太阳的距离都比较适中

④火星上和地球上都有四季变化,且四季的长度与地球很接近

A.①②③

B.②③④

C.①②④

D.①③④

答案

小题1:A

小题2:A

题目分析:

小题1:行星表面的温度高低直接受距离恒星的距离影响,故由于火星距离太阳较地球距离太阳远,故火星表面的温度较地球表面的温度低。

小题2:组合选择题可结合排除法分析,根据火星的公转周期约为地球的1.9倍,故火星上的四季变化不可能与地球的四季变化长度接近,④错误。

点评:本题难度一般,基础性试题,学生只要应用地球生命存在的基本原理和表格资料进行推理,即可简单分析。

多项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and now a new

study has confirmed that atmospheric CO2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry and potentially harming

sea life.

     Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for

almost two decades.

     "We've been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change

in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2 levels. And we've been

able to record this increasing quantity of atmospheric CO2 into the ocean."

     Scientists expected that as atmospheric CO2 increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be

absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact

on shellfish and coral in particular.

     "As carbon dioxide dissolves (溶解) in the water or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid, carbonic

acid," Dore explains. "And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes up and that

exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the pH down, and makes it more acidic."

     The seawater Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirms what the theory predicts.

     The effect was particularly striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his

colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2 and then

moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation.

     "It's important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it could have negative impacts

on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It's potentially catastrophic."

1. What can be the best title of the passage?[ ]

A. Sea Life Facing Danger

B. Scientist Researching Seawater

C. Oceans Becoming More Acidic

D. Climate Change Affecting Seawater

2. With the increase of atmospheric CO2, _____. [ ]

A. more corals will appear in the sea

B. the surface water is becoming warmer

C. the chemical balance of the seawater is affected

D. the pH of the ocean out here has been increasing

3. Which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric CO2 on sea life?

    a. Sea life is endangered.

    b. CO2 goes into the surface water.

    c. The ocean chemistry is affected.

    d. CO2 decreases the pH and makes the seawater more acidic.

    e. CO2 levels in the atmosphere go up. [ ]

A. a→b→c→d→e

B. e→b→c→d→a

C. a→e→b→c→d

D. e→d→c→b→a

4. Scientist Robert Dore came to the conclusion based on _____. [ ]

A. his research and analysis

B. the expectation of other scientists

C. some former theory

D. a major cause of climate change

5. What does the passage want to tell us most? [ ]

A. It takes time to make a scientific study.

B. Atmospheric CO2 is doing harm to sea life.

C. Robert Dore is a committed and serious scientist.

D. Measures should be taken to prevent the potential catastrophe.