问题 问答题 简答题

天文学对古代中国有着甚么的意义呢?

答案

参考答案:

首先,任何人都不能质疑天文学对人类的价值。天文学让人类知道天地运行规律,四季时分的终始,时间的尺度得以碓立,我们的行为亦有了更好的规律。天文学亦是人类自然崇拜中的最高神化目标。天文学更被用以发展占星学,令古代天文学蒙上了一点神秘主义的气氛。

对于古代中国来说,天文学除了上述的各项外,亦显示了中国文化和其它人一样,有把道德外在化的倾向。但中国人对「天」的观念仅在于作为道德的化身(注十一)。由于古中国天文学的发展,令中国人知道天体行动和道德并无关系,故东汉王充有曰:「(日)食有常数,不在政治」(注十二),孟子亦说:「天地不仁,视万物为刍狗」,说明了天道是不会对不同的人有不同的对待标准的。古哲如孔子亦悟出道德应求诸内、天助自助者的道理,所以说:「为仁由己,而由人乎哉?」

中国虽然在传统中也有迷信,但这也与西方不同,我们不认为上天是会控制一切的,结果仍在我们手中。中国人,无论是星相家、堪舆师等,都一直认为他们所预测的并非不可改变,先天的因素是可以由后天修改的。所以没有形成诸如印度民族的宿命论观点,也没有大肆提倡类似基督教的上帝万能观。

这种哲学不单令中国人的宗教观普遍薄弱,没有宗教狂热之外。也令我们努力自力更生,形成中国人勤奋向上、强调内省的性格,亦使我们把大自然看成朋友。由于天道只是一套外在的客观规则,所以人们只有和天地合作共处,才能安身,对中国这个农耕民族来说,平稳的生活是很重要的。天地是人的合作对象,而不是征服对象,「人定胜天」的看法并不被鼓吹,鲧治水失败的故事就是个例子(注十三)。

这是一种符合环保的想法,是以虽然中国亦有破坏环境的时候(如对黄土高原的过分开发),但大多的中国人均是敬畏天命(注十四)、爱惜大地的。中国的自然环境亦大多能保存至近代。

单项选择题

For years pediatricians didn’t worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it’s hard keeping up with their shoes size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard-of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use

The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things; maybe they’ll grow out of this too.

41.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood.

42.Who is most at risk

Boys are more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow denser. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well.

43.How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure

It’s not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child’s arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child’s age, height and sex.

44.About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight.

45.How can you do

You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking you kids — the earlier the better — on healthy, attractive snakes like fruits (try freezing some grapes/or carrot sticks with salsa. ) Not only will they lower your children’s blood pressure: These foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing.

43()

A.And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the U. S. who are overweight has doubled, from 5% to 11% or 4.7 million kids.

B.According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 30 children with high blood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well, ” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But it’s worrisome. ”

C.Feed your children nutritious foods three times a day to keep his immune system healthy. Make sure the meals include all the food groups to ensure they are getting plenty of vitamins.

D.Fortunately the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control — through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment — allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.

E.If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn’t a fake. He’ll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could be the source of the trouble, because hypertension is hard to be detected. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood-pressure checks for every child over age 3.

F.High blood pressure isn’t just an issue for adults; keeping kids blood pressure levels in a healthy range is also important. In a new study reported in Hypertension, researchers found that increased exercise duration among kids leads to lower blood pressure levels, however the same cannot be said for increased intensity.

G.Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their PlayStation. Even if they don’t shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they’ll be more likely to eat light and, exercise if you set a good example.

单项选择题