问题 问答题 论述题

论述青少年心理发展是遗传因素与环境因素交互作用的结果?

答案

参考答案:

青少年的心理发展受到多种因素的共同影响,这些因素分为两大类:

一是生物遗传因素。

二是后天环境因素。

生物遗传因素是指与遗传基因相联系的生物有机体的内在因素。心理学家的进一步发展证明了个体的心理发展是遗传因素和环境因素相互作用的结果。一方面,遗传与环境对心理发展的作用是相互制约,相互依存的,即一个因素的作用大小,作用方式依赖于另一个因素。例如,一种高标准,严要求的教育环境,对于一个智力水平较高的个体来说可以发挥其潜能,但对智力水平中下的个体来说,过高的要求可能会阻碍其心理的正常发展,个体心理发展的内部条件不同,环境的作用也不相同。另一方面,遗传与环境的相对作用不是始终固定不变的。在个体不同的发展阶段,不同的发展水平,不同性质的心理机能上,遗传与环境所产生的作用是不相同的。例如,遗传对于一些较简单的初级心理机能作用较大,如遗传对感知觉的作用,而一些复杂的高级心理机能,如抽象思维,意志品质等,则更多地受环境教育的影响。总之,生物因素,包括遗传因素,先天素质,是个体心理发展的生物基础,环境因素包括自然环境和社会环境,是个体发展的必需条件。特别需要指出的是,教育作为一种独特的环境,在个体发展中起主导作用,而个体的主观能动性则是个体心理发展的内在动力。

完形填空
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
 
A.recentlyB.formingC.locateD.primitive E. fascinated
F. evidence     G. volcanic      H. chemicals    I. created      J. closely
         Since early times, people have been ___41___with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to___42____places where life could form. In 1997, they saw ____43____of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes(探测器) have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core(核心) giving off____44____heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic____45____such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already____46____life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until____47____, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria,___48____ forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life____49____.
单项选择题