布鲁纳的发现学习论
参考答案：布鲁纳特点强调学生的主动探索，主张学习的目的在于采用发现学习的方式，使学科的基本结构转变为学生头脑中的认知结构。其理论要点为：认知结构观（学习的实质是主动形成认知结构；学习包括获得、转化和评价三个过程）；发现学习论（学生掌握学科基本结构的最好方法是发现法。发现学习是指学生在学习情境中，经过自己探索寻找，从而获得问题答案的一种学习方式）。
| 完形填空。先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 | ||||
| Thousands of years ago, people did not know 1 to make a fire. When it was very 2 at night, they could not sleep well. Sometimes lightning hit (打，击) a 3 and started a fire. At first people were both surprised and 4 to see the fire. They were afraid to go up. Later a few 5 men took some of this fire and made a fire near their homes. They used the fire to keep them warm and to cook food. When they had a fire, they did not let it 6 burning. If it stopped, they could not start it again. Maybe they had to 7 for a long time, sometimes for 8 . Later they 9 how to make a fire with pieces of wood. Now we have matches, we can put them in our pockets and make a fire when we want to make it. But we have to be 10 with fire. | ||||
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