问题 问答题 简答题

试述过敏性休克的抢救措施。

答案

参考答案:

过敏性休克的抢救措施如下:

(1)立即停用致敏的药物,使病人平卧,进行就地抢救。

(2)即刻皮下注射0.1%盐酸肾上腺素0.5~1mL,病儿酌减。如症状不缓解,可每隔半小时再皮下注射0.3~0.5mL,直至脱离危险期。如发生心跳、呼吸骤停时应立即进行心肺复苏术,或心内注射0.1%盐酸肾上腺素1mL。此药是抢救过敏性休克的首选药物,它具有收缩血管,增加外周阻力,兴奋心肌,增加心排血量及松弛支气管平滑肌的作用。

(3)氧气吸入:呼吸受抑制时,应立即进行口对口人工呼吸,并肌内注射尼可刹米或洛贝林等呼吸兴奋药。喉头水肿影响呼吸有窒息时,可考虑施行气管切开术。

(4)立即给氢化可的松200mg或地塞米松5~10mg,加入50%葡萄糖液40mL中静脉注射,或加入5%~10%葡萄糖液500mL中静脉滴注。此药有抗过敏作用,能较迅速地缓解症状。

(5)根据病情给予血管活性药物如多巴胺或间羟胺等,同时注意纠正酸中毒和应用抗组胺药。

(6)密切观察病人的体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压、尿量及其他临床症状变化。注意保温,做好病情记录,病人未脱离危险时,不宜搬动。

选择题
阅读理解

More than half of the world’s population live in cities. Traffic and pollution are becoming big problems in big cities all over the world. In cities like Mexico City, Shanghai or Cairo the quality of air is getting worse every day. In the United States, people spend more time sitting in traffic jams.

Some of the world’s cities have already found the answer to the problem. In Bogota, the capital of Columbia, the government has taken measures to improve the quality of life for the city’s 8 million people. They created over a thousand new parks, a new public transport system, and built hundreds of cycling and walking paths. People who live in the city also joined in making their city one of the most livable (适合居住的) places in South America.

Today city planners around the world are looking for ways to provide more room for living and less room for cars. In America, public transport has increased over 2 % since the mid 1990s — not much but a start. More and more people leave their cars at home and get on buses, trains or even ride a bike to work. Some cities are far better at planning than others. In Amsterdam, for example, only 40 % of the population use their cars to get to work, 35 % ride bikes while 25% use public transport. In Paris, about half of the city’s workers drive their cars to work.

For cities in developing countries, the problems have just started. Traffic is getting worse as more and more people can afford to buy a car.

小题1:The writer listed Mexico City, Shanghai and Cairo as examples of cities of ______.

A.heavy traffic

B.air pollution

C.rapid development

D.large population小题2:What did Bogota do to improve the quality of life for its people?

A.It shut down some factories in the city.

B.It introduced a foreign public transport system.

C.It encouraged people to plant trees in the city.

D.It built new parks and a new public transport system.小题3:From the third paragraph, we can learn that ______.

A.35% of the population in Paris ride bikes to work

B.half of the people in Amsterdam drive their cars to work

C.a quarter of the people in Amsterdam use public transport

D.American public transport has increased much since the 1990s小题4:What would be the best title of the text?

A.Ways to solve traffic jams

B.New changes in transport systems

C.People’s new choice in big cities

D.Parks instead of cars for cities