问题 问答题 简答题

皮肤科外用药物应遵循哪些使用原则?

答案

参考答案:

皮肤科外用药物应遵循的使用原则如下:

(1)根据临床特点选用适当剂型:急性炎症皮损,仅有潮红、肿胀、斑丘疹而无糜烂时,选用粉剂或振荡剂,如氧化锌粉或炉甘石洗剂。有水疱、糜烂、渗出时,则选用0.9%氯化钠注射液、2%明矾液或3%硼酸溶液或1:2000醋酸铅溶液作湿敷用。亚急性炎症皮损,可选用乳剂或糊剂如糖皮质激素乳剂或氧化锌糊剂等。慢性炎症性皮损选用软膏、糊剂或硬膏、涂膜剂。顽固性局限性皮损可用糖皮质激素作皮损内注射。如无皮疹而仅有瘙痒,可选用醑剂或酊剂如5%苯唑卡因、1%麝香草酚、糖皮质激素制剂等,也可选用乳剂或振荡剂。

(2)根据病因、病理病化和自觉症状来选药:如化脓性皮肤病,可选用抗生素药物,如2%莫匹罗星、0.5%~3%红霉素、0.1%盐酸小檗碱(黄连素)等。真菌性皮肤病可选用抗真菌药,如2%~3%克霉唑、2%咪康唑、1%联苯苄唑、1%特比萘芬、5%~10%水杨酸、2%酮康唑、6%~12%苯甲酸等。变态反应性疾病可选用抗过敏药,如糖皮质激素或抗组胺药,瘙痒者选用止痒药。角化不全者选用角质促成药.如5%~10%黑豆馏油、2%~5%煤焦油或糖馏油等。角化过度时选用角质松解剂.如5%~10%水杨酸、10%雪钡锌、10%~20%尿素、5%~10%乳酸、0.01%~0.1%维A酸等。有渗出时应选用收敛剂如1:2000醋酸铅溶液、2%明矾溶液等。

(3)熟悉和掌控药物的禁忌证和药物间的配伍禁忌:如洗剂不宜应用于毛发部位,它和乳剂皆不能应用于结痂、脱屑及湿润的糜烂面。酊剂则禁用于急性炎症或渗出糜烂者。

(4)一般宜从低浓度、小面积开始试用,逐渐扩大面积、增加浓度,尽量避免刺激,用药过程中如发现有不良反应,应立即停药或更换其他药物。

(5)应仔细向病人说明用药的方法及注意事项。

完形填空

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台) in her general store. ______71_______ I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”

At first I was paid in candy. ________72______ I worked every day after school, and during the summer and no weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. ________73________

By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆) ideas. ________74________

The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. ________75________ Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.

A.Later I received 50 cents an hour.

B.Before long, she let me sit there by myself.

C.I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.

D.Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.E.My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.

F.Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.

G.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.

单项选择题