问题 问答题 简答题

我国南方家鼠的鼠疫疫源地,自1980年这片疫源地重新开始活动以来,鼠疫已从怒江以西的边境地区蔓延到云南南部,并侵入广西和贵州,而且有继续向东扩散的趋势。

鼠疫发生后应采取哪些控制措施?

答案

参考答案:

预防措施

(1)健康教育:通过宣传培训基层卫生人员,以电视等各种形式,使广大群众了解鼠疫对人类的危害,懂得预防鼠疫的知识。

(2)免疫接种:目前我国选用的菌苗是EV76鼠疫冻干活菌苗,由卫生部兰州生物制品所生产,免疫有效期为6个月,在鼠疫流行期前1~2个月以皮上划痕法进行预防接种。

接种范围:

①在发现人间或动物间鼠疫的地区,人群进行普遍接种。

②进入鼠疫动物病疫区工作或捕猎的人员,在工作之前2个月内完成预防接种。

③从事鼠疫强毒实验室工作人员。禁忌证:体温37℃以上,周身不适者;患急性传染病者;严重心、肝、肾及结核病患者;妊娠前6个月及哺乳期、月经期;体质极度衰弱者;怀疑感染鼠疫或潜伏期内者。

(3)疫情报告:按照《传染病防治法》第21条的规定:任何人发现传染病病人或疑似传染病病人时,都应及时向附近的医疗保健机构或者疾病预防控制机构报告。疫情报告程序:县(市、旗)疾病预防控制机构判定鼠疫病病人或动物鼠疫疫情后,填写疫情报告卡,迅速上报上级疾病预防控制机构和同级卫生行政机关,县卫生行政机关收到疫情报告卡片后,立即转报上级卫生行政机关直到卫生部,县疾病预防控制机构接到材料后,在24小时内作出预报,在96小时内作出最初诊断。

(4)疫区处理人间疫区处理:有鼠疫流行病学指征和较典型的鼠疫临床症状,不能排除鼠疫者,可确定为疑似鼠疫病人,其所在地为鼠疫区,在当地党政领导、卫生防疫、公安等部门负责人组成的疫情指挥部的领导下,划定大小隔离圈,封锁隔离,并对在9日内与鼠疫患者的密切接触者实行健康隔离和预防性投药治疗,如有离开本地者,应通报追踪,就地隔离留验。在大小隔离圈内对鼠疫患者所用的各种物品均应进行彻底消毒和最后的处理(化学、高温、高压),尸体经消毒,焚烧后深埋,并对周围环境进行彻底的卫生清扫和灭鼠灭蚤。以切断再传播的途径,当最后一例病人经疫区处理后九天,再无新发病人,可解除隔离。

动物间疫区处理:在动物鼠疫流行区包括血清学阳性的现疫流行区进行投药,彻底地灭鼠灭蚤,尤其是流行区内的居民点和交通要道周围,根据可能污染的范围,对直接接触者限制外出,监视9天。在当年有鼠疫动物病流行的地区,禁止私自猎獭和剥食。对人群进行宣传教育,加强人群的自我保护意识,防止人间鼠疫的发生。

填空题

When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He (1) severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm (2) balance, people would stare. I would inwardly be afraid (3) squirm at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let (4) .
It was difficult to coordinate (5) steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didn’t say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You (6) the pace. I will try to adjust to you. "
Our usual walk was to or (7) the subway, which was how he got to (8) . He went to work sick, and (9) nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would (10) it to the office even if (11) could not: a matter of pride!
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, (12) did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard (13) which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely (14) a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.
He has (15) gone many years now, but I think (16) him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our (17) . If he did, I am (18) I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am (19) of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a "good heart".
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my (20) , and say, "You set the pace, I will try to adjust to you.\

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