问题 名词解释

急性白血病

答案

参考答案:

是造血干细胞的克隆性恶性疾病,发病时骨髓中异常的原始细胞大量增殖并浸润各种器官、组织,正常造血受抑制,主要表现为肝、脾和淋巴结肿大,贫血,出血及继发感染等。

单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。

铜奔马正名

作为中国旅游标志的东汉铜奔马是1969年在甘肃武威出土的,据云当时被定名为“马踏飞燕”,也有学者引经据典,将其定名为“马超龙雀”。最后可能因为众说纷纭,无奈之下取名为“铜奔马”。“铜奔马”一名虽然简明扼要,但有马无燕,未惬人意。

最近有人在《光明日报》上撰文,更考定此物应名“飞廉铜马”。其根据有二:一是《后汉书·董卓传》中有“飞廉铜马之属”的记载,载是“《三才图会》里的飞廉图,便是一只飞鸟”。愚意此说更属不妥。首先,《三才图会》一书乃明朝嘉靖、万历间人所作,且《四库提要》认为其中采摭浩博,然间有冗杂虚构之病。其次,关于“飞廉”,注家多有出入。《墨子·耕柱》云:“夏后启使飞廉折金于山川。”《史记:秦本纪》云:“飞廉善走,父子俱以材力事殷纣。”以上两书显然认为飞廉是人。但是《淮南子·椒真训》高诱注:“飞廉,兽名,长毛有翼。”《楚辞·离骚》王逸注:“飞廉,风伯也。”洪兴祖补注:“飞廉,神禽,能致风气。”可见飞廉到底是人是神,是兽是禽,古人也无定论。两汉之间神话颇多,汉代画像石中常有人骑神兽,驾神龙升天的景象,亦有骑马的形象,但神兽归神兽,马归马,在这些图案中各有其形。武威铜马是一件写实的作品,马足下的飞鸟亦然,所以很难将其与神话中的飞廉相提并论。至于《后汉书•董卓传》所说,当是飞廉归飞廉,铜马归铜马,非指一物,故丈后有“之属”一词。

然而,武威铜马足下确有一鸟,其象征之意为人所关注。一提到马,人们很快想到奔腾如飞,而飞燕的速度同样也是毋庸置疑的。历朝多有以燕喻良马之诗文,如南朝沈约诗有“紫燕光陆离”句,注:“紫燕,良马也。”梁朝简文帝诗云:“紫燕跃武,赤兔越空。”两句中赤兔指良马,紫燕亦指良马。李善注谢灵运诗云:“文帝自代还,有良马九匹,一名飞燕骝。”在古代,武威铜马足下的飞燕无疑是用来比喻良马之神速,这种造型让人一看便知其意,所以铜马应直截了当取名为“紫燕骝”或“飞燕骝”,此名恰合古意,最为雅致贴切。

根据原文所给的信息,以下推断不正确的一项是()。

A.《四库提要》虽然比《三才图会》晚出,却是一部权威性的著作

B.高诱、王逸、洪兴祖三人都是我国古代学问渊博的注释家

C.在汉代画像石中,凡是有人骑马形象的图案;就不属于神话故事

D.在体会古人创意这一点上,“飞廉铜马”和“紫燕骝”两个命名是相似的

填空题

Exercising to music pumps up brain power


If music makes you smarter, and exercise helps brain function, can exercising to music really boost brainpower Some researchers said it can. Volunteers who listened to Vivaldi’s "Four Seasons" while working out on a treadmill did much better on a test of (1) ability than when they exercised without music, a team (2) Ohio State University found.
"Evidence suggests that exercise improves the (3) performance of people with coronary artery (4) ," said psychologist Charles Emery, who led the study.
"And listening to music is (5) to enhance brainpower. We wanted to put the two results together," Emery (6) in a statement.
Writing in the latest issue of the journal Heart & Lung, Emery and (7) said they studied 33 men and women taking (8) in a cardiac rehabilitation program after having bypass (9) , angioplasty or other procedures to treat clogged arteries.
The (10) said they felt better emotionally and mentally after working out (11) or without the music. But their improvement on the (12) fluency test doubled after listening to music on the treadmills.
"Exercise seems to (13) positive changes in the nervous system, and these changes may have a (14) effect on cognitive ability," Emery said.
"Listening to music may (15) cognitive function through different pathways in the brain. The combination of music (16) exercise may stimulate and increase cognitive arousal (17) helping to organize cognitive output."
Emery said he now wanted to (18) people using music of their own choice. "We used the ’Four Seasons’ because of its (19) tempo and positive effects on medical patients in previous (20) ," Emery said. "But given the range of music preferences among patients, it’s especially important to evaluate the influence of other types of music on cognitive outcomes.\