问题 问答题

加涅按照学习结果将学习分为哪些种类?

答案

参考答案:

加涅从学生学习的角度考察学生的学习结果,将学生的学习结果分为五类:

(1)言语学习,指以言语陈述的形式存储于学习者记忆中的相关事物和组织化了的知识;

(2)智力技能,指学习者掌握概念、规则并将其应用于新情境,是使用符号与环境相互作用的能力;

(3)认知策略,指学习者借以调节自己的注意、记忆和思维等内部过程的技能;

(4)动作技能,指为完成有目的的动作,使骨骼、肌肉、筋腱有组织地活动,是平稳、精确、灵活而适时的操作能力。

(5)态度,是情感的或情绪的反应。

阅读理解

What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, or red? If you do, you must be an active person who enjoys life. Do you like blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and would rather follow than lead.

Colors do influence our moods (情绪). A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing(令人压抑的). There was a black bridge over the Thames River, near London. The number of people who killed themselves on that bridge used to be larger than on any other bridge in the area -- until it was repainted green.

Light and bright colors make people not only happier but also more active. In the factory, the workers will work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black.

小题1:An active person may like ____   

A.yellow, orange, or red

B.yellow, black, or red

C.orange, blue, or black

D.black, red, or orange小题2:Most people feel more __ in a yellow room than in a dark green one.

A.tired

B.bored

C.worried

D.relaxed小题3:More people killed themselves on the black bridge than on any other bridge probably because ____

A.the bridge was very tall

B.the bridge was too crowded

C.people didn't like the bridge

D.the color of the bridge was depressing小题4:In the factory, when the machines are painted orange, the workers will work __

A.worse

B.harder

C.more slowly

D.more angrily

问答题

案例五

[背景材料]

某工程项目,建设单位通过招标选择了一具有相应资质的监理单位承担施工招标代理和施工阶段监理工作,并在监理中标通知书发出后第45天,与该监理单位签订了委托监理合同。

在施工公开招标中,有A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H等施工单位报名投标,经监理单位资格预审均符合要求,但建设单位以A施工单位是外地企业为由不同意其参加投标,而监理单位坚持认为A施工单位有资格参加投标。

评标委员会由5人组成,其中当地建设行政管理部门的招标管理办公室主任1人、建设单位代表1人、政府提供的专家库中抽取的技术经济专家3人。

评标时发现,B施工单位投标报价明显低于其他投标单位报价且未能合理说明理由;D施工单位投标报价大写金额小于小写金额;F施工单位投标文件提供的检验标准和方法不符合招标文件的要求:H施工单位投标文件中某分项工程的报价有个别漏项;其他施工单位的投标文件均符合招标文件要求。

建设单位最终确定G施工单位中标,并执照《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》与该施工单位签订了施工合同。

工程按期进入安装调试阶段后,由于雷电引发了一场火灾。火灾结束后48小时内,G施工单位向项目监理机构通报了火灾损失情况:工程本身损失150万元;总价值100万元的待安装设备彻底报废;G施工单位人员烧伤所需医疗费及补偿费预计15万元,租赁的施工设备损坏赔偿10万元;其他单位临时停放在现场的一辆价值25万元的汽车被烧毁。另外,大火扑灭后G施工单位停工5天,造成其他施工机械闲置损失2万元以及必要的管理保卫人员费用支出1万元,并预计工程所需清理、修复费用200万元。损失情况经项目监理机构审核属实。

[问题]

安装调试阶段发生的这场火灾是否属于不可抗力?指出建设单位和G施工单位应各自承担哪些损失或费用(不考虑保险因素)?