问题 问答题 简答题

简评晏阳殊愚贫弱私的意义与局限。

答案

参考答案:

意义:

1.认识到了农民占中国人口的大多数,要解决中国的社会问题,首先要解决农村问题,因此从农村入手发展农村经济文化、改造农村社会的出发点是对的。

2.在发展农村教育、培养农村人才,传播和推广农业技术,发展农村合作和其他公益事业等方面,取得了一定的成绩。

3.该理论具有深远的国际影响,第二次世界大战后,不少国家的乡村建设和社会去重建中,注意借鉴平教会的具体做法,晏阳初还在1950年后在泰国、古巴、菲律宾等国指导推行田间实验与社区教育,将初期的“除文盲,做新民”扩展为“除天下文盲,做世界新民”。

4.该理论指导广大知识分子,特别是不少高级知识分子,放弃城市中富足的物质生活,扎根农村,为农民谋幸福为民族谋光明,这种精神是难能可贵的。

局限:

1.站在知识分子的角度而不是农民阶级的角度看待农村社会,主观地将农村社会看成一个问题社会而没有考虑农民的实际诉求。

2.只看到了社会现象的表面病态,但没有进一步追究中国农民为什么会愚贫弱私,没有意识到帝国主义之侵略与封建残余之剥削是愚贫弱私的根本原因。

3.该理论的实践缺乏可能性,因为当时国难当头,战火不断,缺乏实践该理论的人才、资金和社会环境。

4.在民族危亡之际,中国的乡村建设不能离开民族独立解放运动而单独进行,中国的问题是整体性的,该理论只做农村工作,不能从根本上解决中国问题,仅就农村问题而言,其最根本的方面是土地分配问题,仅从农村卫生、农民素质等枝节问题上下功夫,不能从根本上解决农民之苦。

阅读理解

A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.

The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.

Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.

“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.

The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.

“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”

小题1:What does the passage mainly tell us?

A.Four categories of heavy drinkers.

B.Heavy drinking affects college students.

C.Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making.

D.People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers.小题2:Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?

A.Low binge drinkers

B.moderate binge drinkers

C.Increasing binge drinkers

D.Stable binge drinkers小题3:Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.

A.adolescent students were not suitable for drinking

B.drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain

C.the brain has not fully developed during adolescence

D.drinking will make the students make dangerous choices小题4:What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______.

A.he is quite clear about what the important issue is

B.if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect

C.the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making

D.only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected

单项选择题