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2005年1月18日,国家环境保护总局在京宣布:责令立即停建包括金沙江溪洛渡水电站在内的13个省市的30个大型国有企业违法开工项目,并处以最高20万元的罚款。这30个项目的总投资达1179.4亿元,它们都是在环境影响评价文件未获批准的情况下就由政府有关经济行政主管部门违反审批程序批准后开始建设的,有些工程已基本完成,属于典型的未批先建的违法工程。在国家环保总局的决定作出后不到一周的时间内,有22个项目按规定停建,但仍有8个项目没有执行停建的决定。2005年1月24日,国家环保总局对8个拒不执行停建决定的企业发出了“行政处罚事先告知书”和“限期改正通知书”。同时表示,如果被处罚单位拒不执行处罚决定,国家环保总局将提请司法机关予以强制执行。此后,30个违法项目全部暂时停建并补办环境影响评价手续。在补办环境影响评价手续之后,绝大多数被停建的建设项目又恢复施工建设。

对于投资数十、数百亿元的违法建设项目,罚款最高不超过20万元的处罚规定是否合理,为什么?

答案

参考答案:

对于投产几百万的违法建设项目,我国环境法律有关罚款最高不超过20万元的规定是不合理的,对于企业几百万的投资项目而言,履行法律规定的环境影响评价义务的成本要远远大于20万元罚款的数额,由于守法成本高于违法成本,企业宁可违法收到处罚,也不愿意履行法律规定的环境影响评价义务。

阅读理解

He's an old cobbler (修鞋匠) with a shop in the Marais, a historic area in Paris.When I took him my shoes, he at first told me: "I haven't time.Take them to the other fellow on the main street; he'll fix them for you right away."

But I'd had my eye on his shop for a long time. Just looking at his bench loaded with tools and pieces of leather, I knew he was a skilled craftsman (手艺人). "No," I replied, "The other fellow can't do it well."

"The other fellow" was one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys "while-U-wait" -- without knowing much about mending shoes or making keys. They work carelessly, and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap (鞋带) ,you might as well just throw away the pair.

My man saw I wouldn't give in, and he smiled. He wiped his hands on his blue apron (围裙), looked at my shoes, had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said, "Come back in a week."

I was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boot off a shelf.

"See what I can do " he said with pride. "Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work."

When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient legend, an old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his pride in his craft.

These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way as long as it "pays", when, in short, people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption (消费) rather than a way to realize their own abilities. In such a period,it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done.

小题1:Which of the following is true about the old cobbler?

A.He was equipped with the best repairing tools.

B.He was the only cobbler in the Marais.

C.He was proud of his skills.

D.He was a native Parisian.小题2:The sentence "He was something out of an ancient legend." ( paragraph 7 ) implies that         .

A.nowadays you can hardly find anyone like him

B.it was difficult to communicate with this man

C.the man was very strange

D.the man was too old小题3:According to the author, many people work just to        .

A.realize their abilities

B.gain happiness

C.make money

D.gain respect小题4:This story wants to tell us that      .

A.craftsmen make a lot of money

B.whatever you do, do it well

C.craftsmen need self-respect

D.people are born equal

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