问题 问答题 论述题

比较常见的倒换方式1+1、1:1和1:n。

答案

参考答案:

1+1指发端在主备两个信道上发同样的信息(并发),收端在正常情况下选收主用信道上的业务,因为主备信道上的业务一模一样(均为主用业务),所以在主用信道损坏时,通过切换选收备用信道而使主用业务得以恢复。此种倒换方式又叫做单端倒换(仅收端切换),倒换速度快,但信道利用率低。1∶1方式指在正常时发端在主用信道上发主用业务,在备用信道上发额外业务(低级别业务),收端从主用信道收主用业务从备用信道收额外业务。当主用信道损坏时,为保证主用业务的传输,发端将主用业务发到备用信道上,收端将切换到从备用信道选收主用业务,此时额外业务被终结,主用业务传输得到恢复。这种倒换方式称之为双端倒换(收/发两端均进行切换),倒换速率较慢,但信道利用率高。由于额外业务的传送在主用信道损坏时要被终结,所以额外业务也叫做不被保护的业务。1∶n是指一条备用信道保护n条主用信道,这时信道利用率更高,但一条备用信道只能同时保护一条主用信道,所以系统可靠性降低了。

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Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following passage and choose the best word for each space.
·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.
Do you want to send an e-mail message to the White House
Good luck.
In the past, (26) President Bush — or at least those assigned to read his mail — what was (27) your mind it was necessary only to sit down at a personal computer connected to the lnternet and (28) a note to president@ whitehouse.gov.
But this week, Tom Matzzie, an online organizer with the A.F.L.-C.I.O., discovered that (29) with the White House had become a bit more (30) . When Mr. Matzzie sent an e-mail protesting (31) a Bush administration policy, the message was bounced back With an automated reply, saying he had to send it again in a new way.
Under a system (32) on the White House Website (33) the first time last week, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now (34) as many as nine Web pages and (35) a detailed form that starts by asking whether the message sender supports White House policy (36) differs with it.
The white House says the new e-mail system is an effort to be more responsive (37) the public and offer the administration "real time" access (38) citizen comments.
Completing a message to the president also requires (39) a subject from the provided list, then entering a full name, organization, address and e-mail address. (40) the message is sent, the writer must wait for an automated response (41) his message, (42) whether the addressee intended to send the message. The message is delivered to the White House only after the person using that e-mail address (43) it.
"Over (44) , it’s a very cumbersome process," said Jakob Nielsen, an authority on Web design. "It’s probably designed deliberately to (45) on their e-mail.\

A.cut short

B.cut out

C.cut in

D.cut down