问题 问答题 简答题

氯丙嗪有哪些主要不良反应?

答案

参考答案:

氯丙嗪安全范围较大,但长期较大剂量用于治疗精神分裂症时,可出现下列不良反应。

(1)一般不良反应:有嗜睡、淡漠、无力、视力模糊、鼻塞、心动过速、口干、便秘等中枢神经系统和自主神经系统副作用。局部刺激性较强,不应做皮下注射。静脉或肌内注射氯丙嗪后,少数病人可出现体位性低血压,导致脑缺血而晕倒,故注射给药后应嘱病人卧床1~2小时。长期应用可致内分泌功能紊乱, * * 增大、泌乳,儿童生长缓慢,皮肤着色等。

(2)锥体外系反应:主要包括下述4个方面:①帕金森综合征:发生率约30%,表现为肌张力增高、面容呆板、动作迟缓、肌肉震颤、流涎等。②急性肌张力障碍:多见于用药后1~5天,主要有舌、面、颈及背部肌肉痉挛,病人出现强迫性张口、伸舌、斜颈、呼吸运动障碍及吞咽困难。③静坐不能:病人出现坐立不安,反复徘徊。④迟发性运动障碍:表现为嘴、唇、舌及肢体不自主的刻板运动,高龄妇女多见。

(3)过敏反应:常见皮疹、接触性皮炎。偶可见微胆管阻塞性黄疸或粒细胞缺乏。

(4)急性中毒:一次吞服大量氯丙嗪后可发生急性中毒,出现昏睡、呼吸抑制、血压下降、心肌损害等,应立即进行对症治疗。

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     One night a man came to my house. He told me,"There is a family with eight  1 . They have not eaten for
days."After I asked him where the family was. I took some  2  with me and left.
     When I finally got to that family, I  3  those little children were too hungry to say  4 . There was no food to
the mother. She took half of it, and then  5 . When she returned, I asked her," 6   did you go?" She gave me this
simple  7 ,"To my neighbors --- they are also  8 !"
      I was not surprised that she gave, because poor people are always very kind. But I was surprised that she
knew her  9  were hungry. Usually, when we are in trouble, we always  10  ourselves first, and we have no
time for others.
( )1. A. children 
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( )3. A. showed   
( )4. A. a sentence
( )5. A. went out 
( )6. A. When     
( )7. A. question 
( )8. A. ill      
( )9. A. people   
( )10. A. think of
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B. watched   
B. a word    
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B. decision  
B. unhappy   
B. neighbors 
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C. looked    
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D. water       
D. found       
D. nothing                
D. hurried back
D. Why         
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D. children    
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