问题 问答题 简答题

怀特如何描述民族文化的发展与进化?

答案

参考答案:

怀特以为人类获取能量的增长是文化进化的标志,技术发展是整个文化进化的基础。文化的每一次重大进步都和新能源的发现和利用有关。

他把整个人类文化的进化历史分为四个主要阶段:

(1)人类依靠自身体内能量的阶段,如狩猎、采集等原始人的最早经济活动。

(2)通过种植和饲养把太阳能转化为人类可以利用能源的阶段,如古代文明的园圃,畜牧业活动。

(3)通过动力革命,把煤炭、石油、天然气等地下资源作为能源的阶段,与之相对应的是现代化工业国家的出现。

(4)核能阶段,指的是核能为日常生活提供便利,普遍利用,作为工业动力源泉,其中又分为三个小阶段。

填空题

You might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true. These (1) , or patties, actually came from Germany in the middle of the nineteenth century. They were brought to the United States by (2) who came from the city of Hamburg. That is why (3) was "hamburger steak".

However, people in other places (4) that they invented the hamburger. Perhaps we’ll never have a (5) . But there’s no question that the hamburger was a (6) . Why Perhaps because at that time, industry was growing and a kind of (7) food was needed for workers.

The hamburger became even more popular (8) when the first chain of fast food restaurants was started. This chain was called "White Castle". It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only (9) . Then, in the 1930s there came the (10) where customers were served in their cars by waiters in uniform. And the hamburger was one of the most (11) .

By now, The hamburger was ready to (12) the world. And this happened with McDonald’s, which was actually a (13) at first. But by the early 1950s the hot dog was replaced by the hamburger. McDonald’s and other fast food restaurants (14) around the world throughout the rest of the twentieth century. McDonald’s alone has (15) for everyone person in the world.

The importance of the hamburger to (16) remains significant. About (17) of all sandwiches that are eaten are hamburgers. According to some sources, (18) of current workers in the United States had their first job at McDonald’s. But the face of the hamburger is changing (19) . Nowadays it is possible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, (20) , or veggie burger.

12()

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