问题 综合题

[选修一——历史上重大改革回眸]

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一  ……这以后发生了贵族与大众之间的冲突。从各方面来看,他们的政治体制都掌握在少数人手中,尤其是穷人,他们的妻子和儿女都为富人所奴役,他们被称作附庸和“六一汉”。因为他们正是按照这样的地租耕种富人的土地。所有的土地都控制在少数人手中;如果他们无力支付地租,他们自己和他们的孩子都将失去自由。

——亚里士多德《雅典政制》

材料二  如亚里士多德所言:“最为公正的政体,应该不偏于少数,不偏于多数,而以全邦公民利益为依归。”……古典时期的雅典城邦正是以立法和制度来调适贫富差距,防止极贫极富,从而有效保障了公民集体的稳定与发展,实现政治民主,文化繁荣,形成古典盛世的历史局面。

——解光云《古典时期雅典城邦对贫富差距的制度调适》

(1)根据材料一,指出“贵族与大众之间的冲突”产生的原因。结合所学知识概括梭伦采取消除“贵族与大众之间的冲突”的主要措施(8分)

(2)根据材料二,指出梭伦改革调节“贵族与大众”利益的方式。综合上述材料,指出梭伦改革有何借鉴意义?(8分)

答案

(1)原因:贵族独占 * * ;贵族控制所有土地。(4分,如只答贵族奴役穷人得1分)

措施:经济上颁布“解负令”废除债务奴役;因债务而被抵押的土地一律归原主。政治上实行按财产划分等级参与 * * 的制度。(4分)

(2)方式:立法和建立制度。(4分)借鉴:追求公平公正;兼顾各方利益,防止贫富差距拉大;逐步推进政治民主化进程。(任答两点,得4分)

题目分析:(1)材料一描述了雅典债务奴隶的现象,原因应从经济和政治两个方面来分析归纳;主要措施从“解负令”和财产等级制两个内容阐述。

(2)关键信息:“古典时期的雅典城邦正是以立法和制度来调适贫富差距,防止极贫极富,从而有效保障了公民集体的稳定与发展,实现政治民主,文化繁荣,形成古典盛世的历史局面。”

阅读理解

It was a quiet village in which there was a military camp. It was far from the towns and cities and there were some high mountains around. Of course it was a good place for training the new soldiers. But it was difficult for the young men to go outside. Mr. White, an officer of forty, was strict with them and he hardly let them leave the camp.

  Once Mr. White was ill in bed. He couldn't work, so a young officer, Mr. Hunt, began to train the new soldiers instead of him. He knew the young men well and let nine soldiers go to the nearest town to have a holiday. But night fell and none came back to the camp. He was worried about it and stood at the gate. It was five to twelve when Mr. Hunt decided to go to the town and see what was happening with the young men. He started the car quickly and set off. At that moment the nine soldiers came back. It seemed they were all drunk. Of course they found the officer was angry.

  "I'm sorry, sir," said the first soldier. "I left the town on time. But something was wrong with my bus on my way here. I had to buy a horse and made it run fast. Bad luck! It died and I had to run back."

  And the other seven soldiers said they were late for the same reasons. It was the last soldier's turn. He said, "I'm sorry, sir. I got on a bus on time, but…"

  Having heard this, the officer became even angrier and stopped him at once. He called out, "If you say something was wrong with your bus, I'll punish you at once!"

  "No, no, sir," said the young man. "My bus was all right, but their horses were in the way!"

小题1:The military camp was built in the village to _______.

A.stop the soldiers going to towns

B.stop the soldiers meeting their friends

C.train the new soldiers

D.make the young men live quietly小题2:The nine soldiers returned to the camp late because _______.

A.something was wrong with their buses

B.their horses died on the way back

C.it took them much time to run back

D.they all had drunk much in the town小题3:The underlined phrase in the way in the last paragraph means ______.

A.stopping somebody from moving

B.getting drunk

C.standing on the road

D.running very fast

单项选择题